During the 1936 Presidential Election Between Franklin D

Multiple Choice

During the 1936 presidential election between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Alf Landon, the Literary Digest received 2.3 million mail-in ballots that it used to predict the results: a landslide in favor of Landon. Clearly, there has never been a President Landon, so the prediction was incorrect. Why?

A) A sample taken only from Literary Digest readers would not necessarily represent the views of the American public in general.
B) The survey relied on voluntary responses, which would introduce a bias.
C) The survey was subject to nonresponse bias.
D) All of the answer options are correct.