Across a Normal Cellular Membrane, the Potential Is Maintained with a Positive

Multiple Choice

Across a normal cellular membrane, the potential is maintained with a positive charge on the outside of the cell and a negative charge on the inside of the cell. Which of the following best explains the operation of the voltage sensor in the voltage-gated sodium channel?

A) Under resting cellular conditions, the voltage sensor is normally pulled to the inside of the cell due to its high arginine content
B) Under resting cellular conditions, the voltage sensor is normally pulled to the outside of the cell due to its high lysine content
C) When the membrane is depolarized, the voltage sensor moves towards the outside of the membrane, allowing opening of the activation gate
D) Both a and c occur
E) None of the above