Tulley Manufacturing Has an Unfavorable Direct Labor Rate Variance

Multiple Choice

Tulley Manufacturing has an unfavorable direct labor rate variance. Which of the following would be the most likely reason for this variance?

A) The company used lower-paid workers in the production process than they had expected.
B) Employees took a longer amount of time to produce the product than expected.
C) The company gave employees an unexpected raise due to union negotiations.
D) Employees used more direct materials in the production process than expected.