A Researcher Was Observing Consumers' Facial Expressions as They Looked

Multiple Choice

A researcher was observing consumers' facial expressions as they looked over the menu at a restaurant. One consumer forgot her reading glasses, so she was having trouble reading the menu and had to squint her eyes, causing her to look mad. The researcher interpreted this to mean she didn't like what she was seeing on the menu because he didn't know she couldn't see the words. The researcher's misreading the consumer's facial expression as dissatisfaction is an example of _____.

A) response latency
B) contrived observation
C) response bias
D) observer bias