Studying a Brick Does Not Predict the Design of a Skyscraper

Multiple Choice

Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. These cases demonstrate

A) the essential properties of life.
B) the levels of organization from atom to biosphere.
C) determinism, or how all phenomena are predictable effects of causes.
D) emergent properties that are easily predicted by examining their parts.
E) emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.