Listeria Monocytogenes Is a Bacterial Pathogen That Causes a Variety

Multiple Choice

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that causes a variety of diseases including gastroenteritis, encephalitis, and sepsis. The bacterium has evolved a strategy to replicate in the cytosol of macrophages, and to spread from one macrophage to another using the host's actin machinery to facilitate direct transfer between cells, thereby avoiding the extracellular space. This unique lifestyle of L. monocytogenes is dependent on the bacteria encoding enzymes that:

A) Lyse the phagocytic vesicle membrane, allowing bacterial escape into the cytoplasm
B) Prevent bacterial membrane proteins from activating pattern recognition receptors expressed in the macrophage
C) Block the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway
D) Block the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway
E) Induce the formation of granulomas that allow the bacteria to persist indefinitely in the host