Signaling Through the Drosophila Toll Pathway Is Initiated When Pathogen

Multiple Choice

Signaling through the Drosophila Toll pathway is initiated when pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) bind to microbial products, such as bacterial peptidoglycan. Aspects of this pathway share similarity to the mammalian complement cascade as well as to the innate recognition system based on TLRs. One feature of Toll signaling that resembles the complement pathway is:

A) The activation of an extracellular proteolytic cascade involving cleavage of self-proteins
B) The deposition of Toll signaling proteins onto the microbial surface
C) The release of soluble fragments of Toll that induce inflammation
D) The assembly of a membrane attack complex in the microbial membrane following Toll activation
E) The presence of receptors for Toll cleavage products on phagocytic cells to promote pathogen ingestion