A Leading Motivation for Scientists to Bioengineer Human Organs for Transplant

Multiple Choice

A leading motivation for scientists to bioengineer human organs for transplant is the trend in the percentage of patients on the organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant (that is, [Number receiving transplant/Number on the wait list] × 100) , as shown in this graph. Furthermore, although ethnic groups generally donate in proportion to their group's representation in the U.S. population, the need for particular organs in some groups is much higher than in others. For example, chronic kidney disease is three times more common in African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos as compared to Caucasians. Although organ compatibility is based on blood type and tissue markers, and not ethnicity, a compatible match is more likely between people of the same ethnic group (that is, with greater genetic similarity) . Thus, bioengineering of human organs can also potentially solve the problem of decreased access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people.
Change in percent of organ transplant waiting list who receive a transplant
-Imagine that fully functioning kidneys have been successfully created through bioengineering. What data analysis would measure the effectiveness of bioengineered organs in improving access to organ transplants among diverse groups of people?

A) Compare the percentage of different ethnic groups who donate kidneys both before and after bioengineered kidneys are available. A smaller percentage of African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos would donate kidneys after bioengineered kidneys are available compared to before.
B) Compare the number of people in different ethnic groups who donate kidneys both before and after bioengineered kidneys are available. A greater number of African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos would donate kidneys after bioengineered kidneys are available compared to before.
C) Compare the percentage of different ethnic groups who receive kidney transplants before and after bioengineered kidneys are available. A greater percentage of African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos should receive transplants after bioengineered kidneys are available compared to before.
D) Compare the number of people in different ethnic groups who receive kidney transplants before and after bioengineered kidneys are available. A smaller number of African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics/Latinos should receive transplants after bioengineered kidneys are available compared to before.