Normal Hemoglobin Is a Tetramer, Consisting of Two Molecules of β-Globin

Multiple Choice

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β-globin and two molecules of α-globin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits

A) altered primary structure.
B) altered secondary structure.
C) altered tertiary structure.
D) altered quaternary structure.
E) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered.