Question 1

Select the best reason below for why a purpose statement is important.

Accepted Answer

A) It justifies the problem for the reader. 
B) It informs the reader of the central ideas addressed in your study. 
C) It provides the reader with the question you are attempting to answer. 
D) It informs the reader of your predictions about relationships among attributes. B

Question 2

Types of leadership styles,such as autocratic,consensus-building,and transformational,are examples of what type of scores of variables.

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous scores 
B) Leadership scores 
C) Ordinal scores 
D) Categorical scores D

Question 3

Identify the type of variables used in quantitative research when determining the interaction effect

Accepted Answer

A) Measured variables 
B) Joint variables 
C) Control variables 
D) Moderating variables D

Question 4

A confounding variable is

Accepted Answer

A) a variable that cannot be easily explained. 
B) a variable that contradicts what one expects to find. 
C) a variable that cannot be directly measured. 
D) a variable that affects or impacts an outcome.

Question 5

Examine this quantitative research question,"What is the relationship of substance use,gender,and academic achievement in high school?" The control variable would be:

Accepted Answer

A) Substance use 
B) Gender 
C) Academic achievement 
D) There is no control variable

Question 6

When qualitative researchers refer to the intent of the study as "emerging," they are referring to:

Accepted Answer

A) the new participants that will suddenly appear to be interviewed. 
B) the clarification of the nature of the central phenomenon. 
C) the gradual focusing of the research questions. 
D) the uncertain characteristic of what they are studying.

Question 7

The following is an example of what type of quantitative research question: "How do feelings of alienation influence the ethnic identity of Hispanics in the United States?"

Accepted Answer

A) Descriptive question 
B) Relationship question 
C) Comparison question 
D) Association question

Question 8

Rewrite the following poor example of a quantitative research hypothesis:
Poor Question:
"Student achievement in high school is influenced by entering ability levels,gender,and social interactions with other students."
Improved Question:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rewrite the following poor example of a...

Question 9

The difference between a hypothesis and a research question is that the hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A) predicts what the researcher will expect to find. 
B) hypothesizes the relationship among variables. 
C) is a statement of fact rather than a question. 
D) requires statistical testing in a research study.

Question 10

Which one of the following is NOT a variable?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-concept 
B) Age 
C) Gender 
D) U.S.stereotype

Question 11

In the following quantitative purpose statement,indicate the intervening variable: "The purpose of this study is to test the theory that college students with good self-esteem engage in positive social interactions and in turn achieve high grades during their freshman year."

Accepted Answer

A) College students 
B) Self-esteem 
C) Social interactions 
D) High grades

Question 12

What characteristic below distinguishes a quantitative research question from a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) One is a purpose of the study and the other is a question. 
B) One is a question and the other is a hypothetical inquiry. 
C) One is a question and the other is a prediction. 
D) One is an objective and the other is a statement.

Question 13

Identify the central phenomenon in this qualitative purpose statement.
"What meaning do boys in junior high ascribe to being overweight?"
The central phenomenon _________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the central phenomenon in this qualitative...

Question 14

An explanation or prediction for the relationship between two or more variables in quantitative research is called a

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) variable. 
C) hunch. 
D) framework.

Question 15

Rewrite this poor example of a qualitative central research question:
Poor example:
"What factors influence the meaning educational research students ascribe to the term,'statistical significance?'"
Improved example:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rewrite this poor example of a qualitative...

Question 16

Which of the following best represents a central phenomenon in qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A) the age of the participant 
B) stages in adolescent development 
C) a concept drawn from the social sciences 
D) measures of self-esteem

Exam 4: Specifying a Purpose and Research Questions or Hypotheses