One of Tolman's Classic Research Studies Involved Three Groups of Rats

Multiple Choice

One of Tolman's classic research studies involved three groups of rats running mazes for several days. The rats in group 1 received a food reward at the end of the maze every time they ran the maze. The rats in group 2 never received a food reward in the maze. In contrast, the rats in group 3 did not receive a food reward at the end of the maze until the eleventh day of the study. What behavior did the rats in group 2 and group 3 display on day 12?

A) The number of errors the rats in group 2 made remained about the same, but the number of errors the rats in group 3 made decreased sharply, showing that they had learned the layout of the maze without being reinforced.
B) The number of errors the rats in group 2 and group 3 made remained about the same, showing that neither group had learned the layout of the maze.
C) The number of errors by the rats in both groups made sharply decreased, showing the importance of observational learning.
D) The number of errors the rats in group 2 made remained about the same, but the number of errors the rats in group 3 made increased, showing that rewards can interfere with both motivation and performance.