A Patient's Laboratory Test Results Following Urine Analysis for Bladder

Multiple Choice

A patient's laboratory test results following urine analysis for bladder cancer markers demonstrate a positive finding for bladder cancer based on an nuclear matrix protein (NMP) 22 level of 11 units/mL.However, the requesting provider is concerned that this could be a false positive.Which of the following interfering factors would most likely result in a false-positive of this marker?

A) Incorrect fixative
B) Inadequate number of bladder cells in the specimen
C) Inflammation of the bladder
D) Gross contamination from blood