At the Park, 20-Month-Old Etan Crawls Through Tunnels, Throws Sand

Multiple Choice

At the park, 20-month-old Etan crawls through tunnels, throws sand everywhere, and lets a dog lick his face. But as he moves from one activity to another, he looks over his shoulder to see whether his father is watching. What is the name for Etan's behavior?

A) excessive anxiety
B) social referencing
C) insecure attachment
D) stranger anxiety