An Increased Susceptibility to Developing Myopia, Shortsightedness, Is Thought to Be

Multiple Choice

An increased susceptibility to developing myopia, shortsightedness, is thought to be a consequence of spending time doing "near work," in which the eye is focused on an object, such as a book or computer, less than two feet away. What is the most likely evolutionary explanation for this phenomenon?

A) Natural selection has not had time to catch up with rapid changes in the environment, for example, humans' work environments.
B) Humans are locked in a coevolutionary arms race with pathogens.
C) Natural selection favors reproductive success, even at the expense of vulnerability to disease.
D) Some defenses may be unpleasant to experience, but they are beneficial adaptations rather than maladies.