Question 1

Traditionally, IQ is calculated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronological age * mental age) * 100 
B)  Chronological age * mental age) / 100 
C)  Mental age / Chronological age) * 100 
D)  Chronological age / Mental age) * 100 C

Question 2

The Big Five personality factor of openness is included in which of Eysenck's factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoticism 
B)  Extraversion 
C)  Neuroticism 
D)  It isn't included in any of Eysenck's factors B

Question 3

Personality has a heritability coefficient of between:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 and 0.3 
B)  0.2 and 0.4 
C)  0.3 and 0.5 
D)  0.4 and 0.7 C

Question 4

According to research by Dingemanse, Both, Drent, Van Oers, and Van Noordwijk, (2002) on great tits concerning the trait exploration.

Accepted Answer

A)  Male highs scorers do better when food is scarce, females when food is plentiful 
B)  Male low scorers do better when food is scarce, females when food is plentiful 
C)  Male and female high scorers do better when food is plentiful 
D)  Male and female low scorers do better when food is plentiful

Question 5

Who considered there to be eight different forms of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raymond Cattell 
B)  Howard Gardner 
C)  Michael Eysenck 
D)  Charles Spearman

Question 6

Who published 'Born to Rebel' which argued that personality is related to birth order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frank Sulloway 
B)  Jay Belsky 
C)  Judith Harris 
D)  Hans Eysenck

Question 7

People with the long form of the D4DR allele

Accepted Answer

A)  Feel the effects of dopamine more strongly and are therefore likely to be extraverts 
B)  Feel the effects of dopamine less strongly and are therefore likely to be extraverts 
C)  Feel the effects of serotonin less strongly and are therefore likely to be extraverts 
D)  Feel the effects of serotonin more strongly and are therefore likely to be extraverts

Question 8

To understand personality we need to make a distinction between:

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological states and physiological states 
B)  Psychological states and psychological traits 
C)  Psychological traits and physiological traits 
D)  Psychological traits and niche fitting

Question 9

The ability of certain animals to change their physical form or behaviour during their life history is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotype switching 
B)  Epigenetic development 
C)  Genotype switching 
D)  Behavioural plasticity

Question 10

According to Nettle (2005) extraversion may be an effective strategy because extraverts have more sexual relationships but if might be ineffective because...

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraverts have fewer children 
B)  Extraverts show lower parental investment 
C)  Extraverts have more accidents leading to potentially higher mortality 
D)  Extraverts are more prone to illness

Question 11

Intelligence has a heritability coefficient of between:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 and 0.3 
B)  0.2 and 0.4 
C)  0.3 and 0.5 
D)  0.4 and 0.7

Question 12

The ultimate personality 'lumper' was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Raymond Cattelll 
B)  Howard Gardner 
C)  Michael Eysenck 
D)  Hans Eysenck

Question 13

According to Mealey (1995) secondary sociopathy (psychopathy) requires a genetic predisposition plus a hostile environment. This means that most primary sociopathy are likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  White collar 
B)  Blue collar 
C)  Women 
D)  In prison

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoticism 
B)  Extraversion 
C)  Conscientiousness 
D)  Openness to experience

Question 15

Frank Sulloway's data on birth order have been criticised because

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample size is small 
B)  The data do not reach significance 
C)  The effect sizes are very small 
D)  The data were self-selected

Question 16

What evolutionary mechanism has been proposed to be responsible for maintaining psychopathy at low levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crossing over 
B)  Heterozygous advantage 
C)  Linkage 
D)  Frequency dependent selection

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of Gardners' 'multiple intelligences'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Musical 
B)  Kinaesthetic 
C)  Emotional 
D)  Naturalistic

Question 18

The Bell Curve by Herrnstein and Murray was controversial because

Accepted Answer

A)  It proposed sex differences in intelligence that were due to the environment 
B)  It proposed sex differences in intelligence that were due to genes 
C)  It proposed racial differences in intelligence that were due to the environment 
D)  It proposed racial differences in intelligence that were due to genes

Question 19

Who developed the first intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman 
B)  Weschler 
C)  Eysenck 
D)  Binet and Simon

Question 20

What does frequency dependent selection mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The success of a strategy depends on its frequency relative to that of other strategies 
B)  The success of a strategy is entirely dependent upon its frequency 
C)  The success of a strategy is entirely dependent by the success of other strategies 
D)  The frequency of a strategy is dependent upon its success

Exam 13: Evolution and Individual Differences