Consider the following Airplane and Flight files from Grand Travel Airlines. The unique identifier for flights is the combination of flight number and date. Arrival and departure times are actual, not scheduled, times. The left-hand column of relative record numbers is there to facilitate answering some of the questions.

\begin{array}{lr}&\text { Airplane } \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \text { Passenger \quad Year }\\&\text { Number \quad Manufacturer \quad Model\quad Capacity \quad Built }\\\begin{array}{lr}1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\\end{array}&\begin{array}{|l|l|l|r|r|}\hline 04653 \quad & \text { Boeing }\quad \quad & 767\quad & 280\quad & 1988\quad \\\hline 10582 & \text { Airbus } & \text { A320 } & 256 & 1997 \\\hline 16420 & \text { Canadair } & \text { CRT } & 54 & 2001 \\\hline 22663 & \text { Boeing } & 767 & 265 & 1999 \\\hline 28352 & \text { Boeing } & 767 & 280 & 1989 \\\hline\end{array}\\\end{array}

Airplane file

\begin{array}{ll}&\text { Flight } \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \text { Departure\quad Arrival\quad\quad\quad Airplane }\\&\text { Number } \quad \text { Date } \quad\quad \text { Time } \quad\quad\quad \text { Time\quad\quad\quad Number }\\\begin{array}{ll}1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\9\\10\\11\\12\end{array}&\begin{array}{|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline 005 & 11 / 15 / 2003 & 2: 14 \mathrm{PM} & 4: 20 \mathrm{PM} & 22663 \\\hline 018 & 01 / 24 / 2004 & 11: 00 \mathrm{AM} & 1: 32 \mathrm{PM} & 10582 \\\hline 032 & 11 / 15 / 2003 & 9: 03 \mathrm{AM} & 10: 30 \mathrm{AM} & 16420 \\\hline 032 & 11 / 16 / 2003 & 8: 57: \mathrm{AM} & 10: 23 \mathrm{AM} & 16420 \\\hline 032 & 11 / 17 / 2003 & 9: 00 \mathrm{AM} & 10: 33 \mathrm{AM} & 16420 \\\hline 120 & 01 / 24 / 2004 & 7: 52 \mathrm{PM} & 9: 34 \mathrm{PM} & 16420 \\\hline 120 & 01 / 28 / 2004 & 7: 51 \mathrm{PM} & 9: 57 \mathrm{PM} & 16420 \\\hline 154 & 11 / 15 / 2003 & 12: 58 \mathrm{PM} & 3: 30 \mathrm{PM} & 10582 \\\hline 197 & 02 / / 12 / 2004 & 5: 03 \mathrm{PM} & 7: 22 \mathrm{PM} & 22663 \\\hline 197 & 02 / / 13 / 2004 & 5: 00 \mathrm{PM} & 7: 31 \mathrm{PM} & 28352 \\\hline 197 & 02 / / 14 / 2004 & 5: 03 \mathrm{PM} & 8: 45 \mathrm{PM} & 04653 \\\hline 197 & 02 / / 15 / 2004 & 5: 00 \mathrm{PM} & 7: 28 \mathrm{PM} & 22663 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}

Flight file
a. 16420 appears as an airplane number in record 3 of the Airplane file and in records 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Flight file. Does this constitute redundant data? Explain.
b. Why does the Airplane Number field appear in both files?
c. What would you have to do to find the name of the manufacturer of the airplane used for flight 197 on 02/13/2004?
d. Merge the two files into one based on which records of one file are related to which records of the other file.
e. How does merging the two files into one affect data integration?
f. How does merging the two files into one affect data redundancy?

Prior to the Development of the Database Concept ____

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