The Gas Above the Liquid in a Sealed Bottle of Soda

Multiple Choice

The gas above the liquid in a sealed bottle of soda is primarily carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is also dissolved in the soda. When the distribution of carbon dioxide between the gas and liquid is at equilibrium, molecules of carbon dioxide in the gas phase can still dissolve in the liquid phase if they strike the surface and are captured. Similarly molecules of carbon dioxide can escape from the liquid phase. What is the entropy change of the universe, $\Delta$ S_univ, for the dissolution of carbon dioxide under these conditions?

A) ( $\Delta$ S_univ < 0, because the dissolved carbon dioxide has fewer accessible states.)
B) ( $\Delta$ S_univ > 0, because the dissolved carbon dioxide has fewer accessible states.)
C) ( $\Delta$ S_univ = 0, because this is an equilibrium situation.)
D) ( $\Delta$ S_univ < 0, because the gas dissolves spontaneously.)
E) ( $\Delta$ S_univ > 0, because the gas dissolves spontaneously.)