In the Middle of a Difficult Exam, Robert Tells His

Multiple Choice

In the middle of a difficult exam, Robert tells his teacher that his stomach hurts, and the teacher immediately sends him to the school nurse. On several later occasions when he has a difficult test or assignment, Robert again tells his teacher that he doesn't feel well. Robert's frequent trips to the nurse have:

A) Been negatively reinforced
B) Led to superstitious behavior
C) Been reinforced on an intermittent schedule
D) Essentially been time-outs and so have been punished