Extracted Data,particularly When It's Extracted from Multiple Sources,is Not in Usable

Multiple Choice

Extracted data,particularly when it's extracted from multiple sources,is not in usable format.Because of this problem,__________ tools have to map the field names of the same data types;and then reformat the data itself into a standard format.

A) data transformation and loading
B) data extraction and transformation
C) data query and reporting
D) data visualization