Richard, a Manager, Has Just Received Some Bad News from His

Multiple Choice

Richard, a manager, has just received some bad news from his foreign counterpart about an ongoing negotiation. He is disturbed and is thinking of ways to control the damage. At the same time, a subordinate walks into his office and asks for an extended leave due to a family emergency. Richard refuses to grant leave despite it being an emergency situation. In this scenario, Richard's disturbed mood is representative of _____ in the communication process between himself and his subordinate.

A) ambiguity
B) perceptual bias
C) a physical barrier
D) a language barrier
E) noise