When a Manager Treats Employees as Lazy, Unmotivated, and in Need

Multiple Choice

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager's expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as

A) a contingency.
B) an open system.
C) a physiological need.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) a bureaucratic approach.