Ellen Publishes a Book Titled First Place, Which Includes a Chapter

Multiple Choice

Ellen publishes a book titled First Place, which includes a chapter from Frank's copyrighted book Great Racecar Drivers without his permission. Ellen's use of the chapter is actionable

A) only if consumers are confused.
B) only if Ellen and Frank are competitors.
C) only if consumers are confused and Ellen and Frank are competitors.
D) regardless of whether consumers are confused or Ellen and Frank are competitors.