The Proton Gradient Across the Thylakoid Membrane Is Required to _____

Multiple Choice

The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to _____.

A) power ATP synthase
B) provide a source of protons needed to synthesize carbohydrate in the Calvin cycle
C) provide a source of protons to combine with molecular oxygen to make water
D) reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH
E) provide the energy for the reaction ADP + P_i  ATP