Some Biologists Believe That the Latitudinal Gradient in Species Diversity

Multiple Choice

Some biologists believe that the latitudinal gradient in species diversity reflects the fact that high latitudes recently lay beneath large glaciers. If there had been no recent ice age, would we still expect to see a latitudinal diversity gradient?

A) No, without the ice ages, biomes at high latitudes would be older, with more time for the diversification of species.
B) No, without polar ice (large ice formation around the pole) , warm ocean currents like the Gulf Stream would carry more heat to high latitudes, making them more productive and, so, supporting more diversity.
C) Yes, with or without recent glaciation of high latitudes, there is still less energy available at high latitudes to support diverse biomes.
D) Yes, nutrient availability would still be lower at high latitudes.