Question 1

​When Sheldon Cohen and his colleagues intentionally exposed healthy volunteers to common cold viruses, they found that their previous level of stress was

Accepted Answer

A)  ​unrelated to subsequent number of colds. 
B)  ​related in a dose-response manner to subsequent number of colds. 
C)  ​positively related to subsequent number of colds but not in a dose-response manner. 
D)  ​inversely related to subsequent number of colds.

Question 2

Which have researchers found about marital conflict relative to immune response?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Marital conflict disrupts immune response regardless of whether or how couples communicate. 
B)  ​Marital conflict disrupts immune response less for couples who communicate productively. 
C)  ​Marital conflict disrupts immune response less for couples who communicate in any way. 
D)  ​Marital conflict disrupts immune response more for couples who communicate in any way.

Question 3

​A recent working hypothesis by some researchers is that proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to, and even possibly cause, asthma to develop. What is a valid reason for this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Asthma itself is a disease fundamentally involving higher rates of inflammation. 
B)  ​Asthma affects more poor African Americans with higher rates of inflammation. 
C)  ​Asthma is a disease, and all diseases develop from higher rates of inflammation. 
D)  ​Asthma patients tested before diagnosis all showed higher rates of inflammation.

Question 4

​A study (Sepa et al., 2005) found that stress may directly influence insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes development through:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​immune system disruption during infancy. 
B)  ​higher rates of perceived stress over years. 
C)  ​influencing patient levels of blood glucose. 
D)  ​inflammation producing insulin resistance.

Question 5

​Rheumatoid arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease. How do scientists describe the mechanism of such autoimmune disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The patient's immune system mistakenly attacks some part of the patient's body. 
B)  ​The patient's immune system is unable to defend some part of the patient's body. 
C)  ​The patient's immune system leaves byproducts from combating another disease. 
D)  ​The patient's immune system reacts to inflammation by increasing inflammation.

Question 6

​Evidence regarding the effects of stress on depression indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  ​stress appears to be a necessary condition for developing depression. 
B)  ​stress is a sufficient condition for the development of depression. 
C)  ​stress is involved in more than one half of all depressive episodes. 
D)  ​vulnerability and coping ability mediate how stress affects depression.

Question 7

The development of immunity depends on the creation of​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​leukocytes. 
B)  ​natural killer cells. 
C)  ​antigens. 
D)  ​antibodies.

Question 8

A function of lymph nodes is to​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​secrete thymosin. 
B)  ​serve as a holding station for red blood cells. 
C)  ​cleanse lymph of foreign debris. 
D)  ​all of these.

Question 9

Explain how the immune system can communicate with the nervous system, how such communication can be reciprocal, and how these relate to stress and illness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the immune system can communicate...

Question 10

​_______ may help explain why stress can lead to depression.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Increased cytokine production 
B)  ​Decreased cytokine production 
C)  ​Increased T-cell production 
D)  ​Increased activity of natural killer cells

Question 11

__________ experience poorer psychological and physical health, longer healing times for wounds, and lowered immune functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  First-time mothers 
B)  First-time fathers 
C)  Alzheimer's caregivers 
D)  People who are elderly

Question 12

The diathesis-stress model hypothesizes that​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​stress is most likely to produce illness in a healthy person. 
B)  ​stress and psychological functioning interact to produce better health. 
C)  some people are more inherently vulnerable to the effects of stress.​ 
D)  ​some people learn to cope with stress but not with stressful life events.

Question 13

With regard to stress and disease,​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​executives are more likely than middle-level managers are to develop diseases associated with stress. 
B)  ​stress can affect disease development directly through the immune system or indirectly through behaviors. 
C)  ​stress is more likely to result in psychological disorders than it is to result in physiological diseases. 
D)  ​both a and c are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to have decreased immune system functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anna, who will be taking her first examination in psychology this week 
B)  Nathan, who has an hour-long commute to school every week 
C)  Marissa, who just given birth to her first child 
D)  Claude, who is unemployed and lives in a high-crime neighborhood

Question 15

Autoimmune disease occurs when​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the immune system loses its effectiveness. 
B)  ​T-cells are reduced by 90%. 
C)  ​malignant cells proliferate, producing a demand for numerous immune system responses. 
D)  ​the immune system attacks body cells rather than invaders.

Question 16

Which of these is NOT an organ of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Tonsils 
D)  Thymus

Question 17

Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has found evidence that immune function can be decreased by​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​examination stress for medical school students. 
B)  ​caring for somebody with Alzheimer's disease. 
C)  ​relationship conflict affecting married couples. 
D)  ​all of these.

Question 18

​Research studies find that stress may contribute to the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Type 1 diabetes, not Type 2 diabetes. 
B)  ​Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. 
C)  ​Type 2 diabetes, not Type 1 diabetes. 
D)  ​Insulin resistance, but not of diabetes.

Question 19

​Austin suffers from recurrent intrusive memories of his experiences as a fire fighter at the time of the World Trade Center attacks. He also has unpleasant dreams that replay some of these experiences. Austin is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  ​clinical depression. 
B)  ​schizophrenia. 
C)  ​posttraumatic stress disorder. 
D)  ​transcendent psychosis.

Question 20

​Concerning rheumatoid arthritis and stress, what do recent research results suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Stress may contribute to development of rheumatoid arthritis. 
B)  ​Stress is found to be a typical result from rheumatoid arthritis. 
C)  ​Stress is found to exacerbate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. 
D)  ​Stress may contribute in all these ways to rheumatoid arthritis.

Exam 6: Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

​When Sheldon Cohen and his colleagues intentionally exposed healthy volunteers to common cold viruses, they found that their previous level of stress was

Which have researchers found about marital conflict relative to immune response?​

​A recent working hypothesis by some researchers is that proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to, and even possibly cause, asthma to develop. What is a valid reason for this hypothesis?

​A study (Sepa et al., 2005) found that stress may directly influence insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes development through:

​Rheumatoid arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease. How do scientists describe the mechanism of such autoimmune disorders?

​Evidence regarding the effects of stress on depression indicates that

The development of immunity depends on the creation of​

A function of lymph nodes is to​

Explain how the immune system can communicate with the nervous system, how such communication can be reciprocal, and how these relate to stress and illness.

​_______ may help explain why stress can lead to depression.

__________ experience poorer psychological and physical health, longer healing times for wounds, and lowered immune functioning.

The diathesis-stress model hypothesizes that​

With regard to stress and disease,​

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to have decreased immune system functioning?

Autoimmune disease occurs when​

Which of these is NOT an organ of the immune system?

Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has found evidence that immune function can be decreased by​

​Research studies find that stress may contribute to the development of:

​Austin suffers from recurrent intrusive memories of his experiences as a fire fighter at the time of the World Trade Center attacks. He also has unpleasant dreams that replay some of these experiences. Austin is most likely suffering from

​Concerning rheumatoid arthritis and stress, what do recent research results suggest?

When Sheldon Cohen and his colleagues intentionally exposed healthy volunteers to common cold viruses, they found that their previous level of stress was

Which have researchers found about marital conflict relative to immune response?

A recent working hypothesis by some researchers is that proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to, and even possibly cause, asthma to develop. What is a valid reason for this hypothesis?

A study (Sepa et al., 2005) found that stress may directly influence insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes development through:

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease. How do scientists describe the mechanism of such autoimmune disorders?

Evidence regarding the effects of stress on depression indicates that

The development of immunity depends on the creation of

A function of lymph nodes is to

_______ may help explain why stress can lead to depression.

The diathesis-stress model hypothesizes that

With regard to stress and disease,

Autoimmune disease occurs when

Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has found evidence that immune function can be decreased by

Research studies find that stress may contribute to the development of:

Austin suffers from recurrent intrusive memories of his experiences as a fire fighter at the time of the World Trade Center attacks. He also has unpleasant dreams that replay some of these experiences. Austin is most likely suffering from

Concerning rheumatoid arthritis and stress, what do recent research results suggest?