Question 1

Gangrene,hallucinations,temporary insanity,and even death can result when humans consume grain infested with

Accepted Answer

A)  corn smut.
B)  chytrids.
C)  ergots.
D)  coccidioidomycosis. C

Question 2

Threadlike fungal filaments are called

Accepted Answer

A)  mycelia.
B)  mold.
C)  hyphae.
D)  root hairs. C

Question 3

Some of the unique adaptations of angiosperms include their beneficial relationships with and their relatively _.

Accepted Answer

A)  animals ...large sporophyte
B)  animals ...well- developed vascular system
C)  fungi ...well- developed vascular system
D)  animals ...rapid fertilization and seed production D

Question 4

The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is

Accepted Answer

A)  a triploid stage formed by the fusion of a diploid nucleus with the haploid nucleus of a compatible hypha.
B)  a stage in which hyphae contain two,genetically different,haploid nuclei.
C)  a stage in which the hyphae contain only one type of haploid nucleus.
D)  a stage in which hyphae contain two,genetically different,diploid nuclei.

Question 5

The is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

Accepted Answer

A)  sepals
B)  carpel
C)  stigma
D)  ovary

Question 6

The majority of plant species today are

Accepted Answer

A)  bryophytes.
B)  angiosperms.
C)  gymnosperms.
D)  seedless vascular plants.

Question 7

Most zygomycetes and ascomycetes reproduce _ when conditions are .

Accepted Answer

A)  sexually ...constantly moist and food is abundant
B)  asexually ...harsh,as in the fall of the year
C)  asexually ...favorable,as in the spring of the year
D)  sexually ...favorable,as in the spring of the year

Question 8

One of the factors that help animal- pollinated flowering plants transfer pollen to plants of the same species is

Accepted Answer

A)  pollinators are able to rapidly extract nectar from any species of flower,regardless of the pollinators' past or recent experience with a given flower type.
B)  most pollinators broadly use many different types of flowers.
C)  each species of pollinator typically visits flowers of one and only one plant species.
D)  many pollinators have limited learning capacities and are most successful at obtaining food if they continue to visit the same type of flower after learning how to extract its nectar.

Question 9

About 95% of all modern plant species

Accepted Answer

A)  have no gametophyte.
B)  have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle.
C)  have flagellated sperm.
D)  have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage.

Question 10

In plants,the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called

Accepted Answer

A)  phloem.
B)  transport tissue.
C)  meristem.
D)  xylem.

Question 11

Which of the following occurs in a mushroom,that is,in the reproductive structure of a basidiomycete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diploid nuclei form,undergo meiosis,and produce haploid spores.
B)  Spores germinate and form a haploid mycelium.
C)  Heterokaryotic cells separate to re- create the original haploid hyphae.
D)  Hyphae of two different mating types fuse.

Question 12

What kind of entity is a lichen?

Accepted Answer

A)  an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium
B)  an association between a fungus and a brown alga
C)  an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae
D)  an association between a bryophyte and a fungus

Question 13

Many flower traits are specifically attractive to a certain type of pollinator.For example,the scent of rotting flesh is attractive to certain flies and beetles,but not to most other pollinators.What adaptive purpose is served by this kind of "niche marketing" of flowers to specific pollinators?

Accepted Answer

A)  This targeting is done because the wrong kind of pollinator might eat all the pollen instead of delivering it to another flower.
B)  This adaptation reduces pollinator traffic so that flowers have a chance to develop their pollen fully before it is spread.
C)  This adaptation works to reduce pollinator traffic at a flower.Therefore flowers do not have to produce as much nectar to feed big crowds of pollinators.
D)  This adaptation helps to assure that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species.If less specialized pollinators are used,the odds are greater that pollen will wind up on the stigma of a different species.

Question 14

A growth- producing region of cell division,known as a(n),is found near the tips of stems and roots.

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin
B)  sporangium
C)  cuticle
D)  apical meristem

Question 15

Fungi are found associated with the earliest plant fossils.Fungi may have helped plants become terrestrial by

Accepted Answer

A)  stocking the soil with organic matter.
B)  killing the bacterial enemies of plants.
C)  providing simple organic compounds in return for sugars.
D)  forming mycorrhizal associations with plants and by decomposing organic matter.

Question 16

Red maples and other wind- pollinated plants invest relatively little in producing ,but must invest a great deal in producing to achieve good pollination rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  floral scents ...showy petals
B)  showy or scented flowers ...massive amounts of pollen
C)  seeds ...massive amounts of pollen
D)  pollen ...showy or scented flowers

Question 17

Which of the following structures is an essential part of most fungal reproductive systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  seeds
B)  cellulose
C)  spores
D)  gametangia

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi.
B)  The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus.
C)  Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems.
D)  Fungi can only break down plant material.

Question 19

In angiosperms,pollen grains develop in the and are trapped by the _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  anther ...stigma
B)  anther ...ovary
C)  stigma ...anther
D)  carpel ...stamen

Question 20

Heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the small molecules are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi.
B)  multicellular algae.
C)  plants.
D)  bacteria.

Exam 17: The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity