Deck 18: Urinary System

Question 1

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?

A) Energy from ATP
B) Energy from glucose
C) Diffusion
D) A pressure gradient

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete

A) renin.
B) angiotensinogen
C) angiotensin.
D) aldosterone.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the function of peritubular capillaries?

A) Supply blood to the nephron
B) Supply blood to the renal cortex
C) Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules
D) Form the glomerulus

Question 5

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?

A) High pressure within the glomerulus
B) Damaged glomerular capillaries
C) High-protein diet
D) Protein is a normal finding in urine

Question 6

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?

A) It keeps the kidneys warm.
B) It provides the kidneys with fuel.
C) It holds the kidneys in place.
D) It protects the kidneys.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?

A) Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
C) Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
D) Distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

Which statement about the location of the kidneys is correct?

A) The kidneys lie underneath the 10th rib.
B) The kidneys lie anterior to the parietal peritoneum.
C) The kidneys lie against the anterior abdominal wall.
D) The kidneys extend from the level of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra.

Question 9

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal papilla

Question 10

Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?

A) In the kidney's outer region, where they extend between the cortex and the medulla
B) In the kidney's inner region, where they extend into the renal pelvis
C) In the renal pyramids
D) In the major calyx

Question 11

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
Structure that becomes the ureter

Question 12

What substance is filtered by the kidney?

A) Urine
B) Intracellular fluid
C) Blood
D) Tissue fluid

Question 13

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels, the ureter, and nerves enter and leave

Question 14

Aldosterone causes which of the following?

A) Decreased potassium in the urine
B) Increased sodium in the urine
C) Increased urine output
D) Decreased urine output

Question 15

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
The outer region of the kidney

Question 16

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?

A) Bowman's capsule captures fluid leaking out of the glomerulus and returns it to the peritubular capillaries.
B) Fluid that filters out of the glomerulus collects in between the two layers of Bowman's capsule and then flows into the renal tubule on the other side of the capsule.
C) Bowman's capsule applies pressure to the glomerulus to increase the speed of filtration.
D) Bowman's capsule applies pressure to the glomerulus to decrease the speed of filtration.

Question 18

What is the renal tubule?

A) A mass of capillaries that makes up the glomerulus
B) Branches of the renal artery that supplies blood to the renal cortex
C) A collection of tubelike structures that leads away from the glomerulus
D) Tubelike structures that converge to form the ureter

Question 19

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
Structure(s) that converge to form the renal pelvis

Question 20

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
The inner region of the kidney

Question 21

Which structural characteristic of the proximal convoluted tubule enhances its role in tubular reabsorption?

A) Juxtaglomerular cells
B) Microvilli
C) Microscopic pores
D) Cilia

Question 22

Blood enters the kidney through the ____________________ and leaves through the ____________________.

Question 23

The layers of epithelia cells that envelop the glomerulus in an open-ended covering are called ____________________.

Question 24

How does high blood pressure damage kidneys?

A) High blood pressure drives filtrate formation at an accelerated rate, which wears out the glomerulus.
B) The kidneys must work against high blood pressures to excrete filtrate, which places a strain on the glomerulus.
C) High blood pressure damages the endothelium of glomerular capillaries.
D) High blood pressure increases pressure within the glomerulus, causing glomerular capillaries to burst.

Question 25

The component of the nephron where glomerular filtrate is processed is the ____________________.

Question 26

Which portion of the kidneys plays a role in acid-base balance?

A) Proximal convoluted tubules
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Drugs called ____________________ are administered to increase urine volume.

Question 28

Most of the water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the

A) proximal convoluted tubules.
B) distal convoluted tubules.
C) loop of Henle.
D) glomerulus.

Question 29

The component of a nephron that filters blood plasma is the ____________________.

Question 30

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

A) Ammonia
B) Glucose
C) Uric acid
D) Sodium

Question 31

The process whereby chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood is called ____________________.

Question 32

What occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

A) Sodium and chloride are actively pumped out.
B) Sodium and chloride diffuse out.
C) Water diffuses out.
D) Water is actively pumped out.

Question 33

Which of the following is an effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

A) Increased secretion of aldosterone
B) Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
C) Decreased urine output
D) Decreased blood pressure

Question 34

The process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate is called ____________________.

Question 35

Each nephron contains a cluster of capillaries called a ____________________.

Question 36

The micturition center is located in the

A) medulla.
B) cerebrum.
C) pons.
D) amygdala.

Question 37

How much of the fluid filtered by both kidneys is reabsorbed by the body?

A) 50 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 99 percent
D) 30 percent

Question 38

Most of the calcium, iron, and thyroid hormone in the blood are bound to ____________________, which keeps them from being filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus.

Question 39

The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys is called the ____________________.

Question 40

Which of the following would trigger the secretion of aldosterone?

A) Increased blood levels of sodium
B) Decreased blood levels of sodium
C) Decreased blood levels of potassium
D) Increased blood levels of uric acid

Question 41

The wall of the bladder is called the ____________________ muscle.