Deck 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Question 1

Zofia's dermatologist has recommended a drug called Accutane for her acne.Accutane has potentially serious detrimental effects on a fetus,so Zofia is required to have a pregnancy test both before she begins treatment and every month that she takes the medication.In this situation,Accutane would act as a/an ________________ on an unborn child.

A) proximodistal
B) teratogen
C) cephalocaudal
D) androgen

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Three-year-old Hakeem's parents disagree over whether to attend an event related to his mother's job,and as they get more frustrated with each other,their voices grow louder.Unhappy and confused,Hakeem sticks his fingers in his ears.He is practicing

A) emotion regulation.
B) concrete operations.
C) conservation.
D) egocentrism.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Eliska is nine months old.One of her favourite games is peek-a-boo,and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when mother covers her face.Eliska has developed _______________,the understanding that mother is still behind her hands even when Eliska can't see her.

A) sensory operations
B) concrete operations
C) conservation
D) object permanence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Interested in learning how a man's financial standing affects his marital prospects,researchers compared five groups of men,each set ten years older than the previous one.This is called a ______________ design.

A) cross-sectional
B) critical
C) longitudinal
D) cohort

Question 5

Ryan's family has a beagle,so when he sees any small,four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a collie.Ryan says "Grandma,doggie," and grandmother says,"Yes,that is a doggie." Ryan adds the collie's appearance to his understanding of "doggie." In other words,he __________________ this dog into his concept of dogs.

A) schemes
B) assimilates
C) accommodates
D) consolidates

Question 6

Because Christel's father didn't like how strict his parents were when he was growing up,he gives his daughter everything she wants.He is proud of how well he and his daughter get along,even if other people tell him sometimes that she seems spoiled.Christel's father has a/an ________________ parenting style.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

Question 7

Georgina has a double stroller for her 11-month-old fraternal twins.She has noticed that when someone stops to admire the children,Jonah smiles and laughs if the stranger talks to him,whereas Irene is more likely to look up at her mother with an uncertain expression.If the stranger talks to Irene,she ducks her head and sometimes even covers her eyes with her hands.Since Georgina has treated both of her children the same way,she knows that Jonah and Irene have different

A) information processing speeds.
B) habituation criteria.
C) temperaments.
D) information-search strategies.

Question 8

Ryan's family has a beagle,so when he sees any small,four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a cat.Ryan says "Grandma,doggie," and grandmother says,"No,that animal is a cat." Understanding that "doggie" and "cat" are not the same thing,Ryan modifies his mental category for dogs;that is,he _______________ the new information.

A) schemes
B) assimilates
C) accommodates
D) consolidates

Question 9

Lexie enjoys talking to her infant sister Brianna.Lexie explains that she is three years old and holds up three fingers,then asks Brianna if she can do the same thing.Brianna waves her arms but doesn't seem to have much control over her finger movements.In words Lexie can understand her father explains that this is due to the ________________ principle.

A) cephalocaudal
B) proximodistal
C) sensorimotor
D) maturation

Question 10

Researchers interested in learning how creativity affects one's marital prospects compared five groups of people;each set ten years older than the previous one.These different age groups are called

A) cross-sections.
B) critical periods.
C) longitudes.
D) cohorts.

Question 11

Interested in learning how a woman's intelligence quotient affects her marital prospects,researchers gave intelligence tests to a sample of 11-year-old girls,then retested them and asked about their relationship status several times over the next 40 years.This type of study has a _______________ design.

A) cross-sectional
B) critical
C) longitudinal
D) cohort

Question 12

At seven months Xiang could sit up by herself,at 9 months she could stand with an adult's support,at 13 months she could stand alone,and at 15 months she could walk alone.The process that allows Xiang's motor skills to develop at the same rate as other children's is called

A) the proximodistal principle.
B) the cephalocaudal principle.
C) maturation.
D) accommodation.

Question 13

Five-year-old Esperanza knows that she is not supposed to take anything off the kitchen counter unless her mother gives her permission,but she can't resist the fresh cookies while her mother is out of the room.When mother returns to the kitchen,she looks at the cookies,looks at Esperanza,and asks if Esperanza took a cookie.Aware that her mother will not be happy if she says yes,Esperanza says no,she didn't take a cookie.Esperanza's ability to understand that her mother thinks about things differently than she does is called the theory of

A) proximal development.
B) Vygotsky.
C) egocentrism.
D) mind.

Question 14

In an old Tom and Jerry cartoon,a woodpecker egg rolls into Jerry's home and hatches.Because Jerry is the first animal the woodpecker sees,it yells "Mama!" and flings itself into Jerry's arms.To Jerry's dismay,he can't seem to convince the woodpecker that he is not its mama.The problem is that the woodpecker has _______________ Jerry.

A) imprinted on
B) habituated to
C) discriminated from
D) foreclosed on

Question 15

When Lexie's parents come home from the hospital with her new sister,Brianna,Lexie asks why the baby's head is so big compared to her body.In words Lexie can understand her parents explain that physical growth starts with the head,as a result of the ________________ principle.

A) cephalocaudal
B) proximodistal
C) sensorimotor
D) maturation

Question 16

Seven-year-old Jerusha is always upset when her older brother is given two slices of pizza but she gets only one.Until recently,Jerusha's mother could make her happy by cutting her pizza slice in half so that she now had two,but Jerusha has come to realize that cutting one slice in half isn't the same as getting two slices that are each the size of her brother's.Jerusha now understands

A) sensory operations.
B) concrete operations.
C) conservation.
D) object permanence.

Question 17

Twelve-year-old Cedrick's English teacher often chooses spelling words that can be rearranged to make new words.Cedrick enjoys the challenge of anagrams and puzzles,and because he has always enjoyed science fiction comic books he has recently begun making up his own stories of planets with occupants completely unlike those on earth or in his science fiction comic books.Cedrick is most likely in Piaget's

A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 18

Ryan's family has a beagle,so when he sees any small,four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called

A) a schema.
B) assimilation.
C) accommodation.
D) object permanence.

Question 19

In an old Tom and Jerry cartoon,a woodpecker egg rolls into Jerry's home and hatches.Because Jerry is the first animal the woodpecker sees,it yells "Mama!" and flings itself into Jerry's arms.As Jerry and the little woodpecker spend more time together,they form a true emotional bond called

A) autonomy.
B) attachment.
C) discrimination.
D) habituation.

Question 20

Stuart's father is a military officer who expects Stuart and his siblings to respond to his commands as if they were in the army.They must always answer him "yes,sir" or "no,sir" and do whatever their mother asks without question.His father never gives Stuart hugs or tells him he loves him,and Stuart often feels that he must earn his father's love by obeying his commands.Stuart's father has a/an __________________ parenting style.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

Question 21

In June's ethics class,students are required to defend their beliefs and explain why they subscribe to them.June believes strongly in the values she holds,but she isn't sure how to defend them,because her parents taught her the values and she has simply never questioned them.James Marcia would say that June's identity status in regard to ethics is

A) identity diffusion.
B) foreclosure.
C) moratorium.
D) identity achievement.

Question 22

Fiona's parents expect her to earn good grades and get along with her siblings,and when she breaks the rules she has to go into timeout.When she has trouble with homework,her parents help her understand the concepts but still expect her to do the work.She has to be ready for bed at a certain time,and arguing about bedtime doesn't work.Her parents always give her hugs and tell her they love her before she goes to bed.Fiona's parents have a/an _____________ parenting style.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) indulgent
D) neglecting

Question 23

Jaeden thinks the speed limit is lower than it should be and doesn't feel bad when he drives faster than the posted limit.He owns a radar detector so that he can slow down if the police are ticketing,because although he doesn't think he's doing anything wrong,he doesn't want to be ticketed.Based on this information,we can be sure

A) that Jaeden almost always reasons at the preconventional level.
B) that Jaeden never reasons at the conventional level.
C) that Jaeden sometimes reasons at the postconventional level.
D) of nothing,because a person's moral judgment on one issue is not always indicative of his overall level or stage.

Question 24

Madan is interested in majoring in religious studies,but he is struggling to reconcile the beliefs his parents taught him with what he is learning about world religions in class.Because he believes religion is an important and meaningful part of people's lives,he is committed to figuring out what constitutes truth for him,but he is still confused about what his conclusions will be.James Marcia would say that Madan's identity status in regard to religion is

A) identity diffusion.
B) foreclosure.
C) moratorium.
D) identity achievement.

Question 25

Niko is talking to a friend about his adolescent daughter.He feels that he and his daughter argue more often than they used to and wonders how he might handle their conflicts better.His friend tells him there is nothing he can do,because adolescence is inevitably a time of "storm and stress." Teens are moody,he assures Niko,and Niko can only wait for his daughter to grow older.Is Niko's friend right?

A) Yes.Studies have shown that most teens do not get along with their parents but that the conflict dissipates when the teen becomes a young adult.
B) Yes.Studies have shown that most teens say they get along very poorly with their parents and that the best way for parents to cope is to ignore the teens' moodiness.
C) Yes.Studies have shown that most teens say they get along very poorly with their parents but that the best way for parents to cope is to challenge and directly address the teens' moodiness.
D) No.More teens than not say they get along fairly well with their parents,and even when conflict is frequent it is usually mild.

Question 26

At 70 years of age Zaire is happily retired and enjoys spending time painting,boating,and being with his wife,grown children,and grandchildren.He is concerned about his health,because several times over the past few months he has been unable to complete certain mundane tasks without assistance.He has periods of confusion and is having more trouble creating paintings that convey what he wants them to.He is aware that his memory is impaired,because his grandchildren often tell him they played some game he doesn't remember.Zaire is probably developing

A) amnesia.
B) psychosis.
C) crystallized dysfunction.
D) dementia.

Question 27

Saffi is playing with her two brothers,but when the three of them begin wrestling in the grass Saffi's father tells her she must come and sit by him.He tells her it is not ladylike to roll around in the grass,because she will get her dress dirty.Saffi's father is treating her differently from her brothers because he is using

A) sex typing.
B) androgyny.
C) preconventional reasoning.
D) a Piagetian judgment.

Question 28

The Propaganda Corporation wants to know whether 10-year-olds,12-year-olds,or 14-year-olds are most likely to respond to a new advertising approach.Which of the following research designs will provide the most useful results?

A) Sequential
B) Cross-sectional
C) Longitudinal
D) Pretest-posttest experimental

Question 29

Four-year-old Alonzo's older sister Kaylen is in a high school play.Her character pretends to be a boy,so at one point she goes backstage and changes out of her elaborate dress into a peasant boy's clothes.After she does this,Alonzo asks his mother when Kaylen will come back on the stage.When mother points to Kaylen,Alonzo says,"He's a boy now!" Mother tries to explain that Kaylen's clothes have changed but she is still a girl,but Alonzo doesn't understand because he hasn't yet developed

A) preconventional reasoning.
B) postconventional reasoning.
C) gender constancy.
D) gender identity.

Question 30

As a newborn,Mindy was fine when her parents went out and left her with a babysitter.As she approaches her first birthday,however,she has begun to cry when her parents leave.Though the sitter assures them that Mindy quiets down after they are gone,the separation process itself always involves tears.With regard to a developmental timetable,Mindy's behaviour is occurring

A) fairly late;most infants begin to fear separation around two to three months of age,because they have not yet developed adequate schemas for strangers versus nonstrangers.
B) right on time;this is the age at which a child has developed a strong attachment to the primary caregiver(s).
C) extremely late;normally,separation anxiety occurs immediately after birth,since infants become attached to the mother in utero.
D) extremely early;most children do not show any distress at separation until at least age five.

Question 31

Ted is always regaling his coworkers with tales of his infant son's accomplishments.Anita worries that her same-age son is not maturing as fast as Ted's.Concerned,she consults a book on development written by a pediatrician and learns that

A) most children achieve the same skills,just at varying times.
B) all healthy children should develop particular skills on a very exact timetable.
C) any child who is even slightly developmentally behind should be tested for autism.
D) children slightly developmentally behind as an infant will be developmentally behind throughout their lives.

Question 32

At 65,Terry is diagnosed with cancer.He refuses to believe that he has a sickness,because he feels fine,so he does not get any treatment.When his physician informs him that his case has become terminal because he did not act,Terry tells his friends that his doctor doesn't know what he's talking about.When Terry's friends begin to treat him differently than they did a year ago,Terry wonders why.According to Kübler-Ross,Terry is in the _________________ stage with regard to death.

A) denial
B) depression
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 33

Jaeden thinks the speed limit is lower than it should be and doesn't feel bad when he drives faster than the posted limit.He owns a radar detector so that he can slow down if the police are ticketing,because although he doesn't think he's doing anything wrong,he doesn't want to be ticketed.On the issue of speeding,Jaeden is reasoning at the _______________ level.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) social contract

Question 34

Seventy-year-old Mikayla is a retired police officer.She enjoys traveling with her husband,walking her dog,and reading newspapers to stay current with world events.Occasionally she acts as a guest speaker at a local police academy,and she recently began taking a class on English literature,a topic that has always interested her.People often ask her how she has managed to stay so healthy and active when others her age are experiencing mental and physical decline.She can tell them that

A) she is fortunate to have inherited good genes,since cognitive decline is very highly correlated with genetics.
B) people whose spouses are still alive invariably function at a higher level than those who are widows or widowers.
C) people who have good relationships with animals tend to have better overall intellectual health,particularly as they age.
D) she has kept her mind and body active because she knows she has to "use it or lose it."

Question 35

Faida has begun to ask her parents questions about the beliefs they hold regarding various political issues.Though they are able to explain their stances,Faida doesn't accept their reasoning as unquestioningly as she did once,and sometimes she doesn't accept it at all.Though Faida's parents find the process difficult,they know that she is developing her own identity.Right now Faida's status is

A) identity diffusion.
B) foreclosure.
C) moratorium.
D) identity achievement.

Question 36

Both of Logan's parents work and are usually tired when they get home.They have little tolerance for Logan's questions or requests for help with his homework.He has to find rides home with his friends' parents if he stays after school for any reason,and his parents almost never come to his soccer games.Sometimes Logan wonders why his parents don't seem to like him;it seems like the only time they pay him attention is when the principal calls them because he's in trouble again.Logan's parents have a/an _________________ parenting style.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

Question 37

Sixteen-year-old Yasmeen let a friend cut her hair,but she cut off more than Yasmeen wanted.Now she has an appointment to have her hair fixed,but it is after school and Yasmeen's mother won't let her stay home from school until her hair is fixed.Though Yasmeen's mother says that the uneven cut isn't noticeable when Yasmeen puts her hair in a ponytail,Yasmeen is convinced that everyone at school will know and talk about her behind her back.Yasmeen may be reacting to a/an

A) role confusion task.
B) personal fable.
C) imaginary audience.
D) moratorium.

Question 38

When Kyoko looks back on her life,she feels she has contributed a great deal.She was a successful attorney for many years,has two grown children who visit her regularly,and though her husband has passed away,she had a very good relationship with him.According to Erikson's theory Kyoko is most likely to be in the ____________ stage of life.

A) intimacy versus isolation
B) integrity versus despair
C) knowledge versus wisdom
D) crystallized versus fluid

Question 39

Fifteen-year-old Martika would like to go on a weekend trip with some friends,but her parents say she cannot go unless an adult chaperone accompanies them.Since a chaperone is not going,Martika's friends leave without her,and Martika furiously tells her parents that they don't understand her and how important this was to her.Martika's response exemplifies

A) identity versus role confusion.
B) the personal fable.
C) the imaginary audience.
D) moratorium.