Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Four-year-old Alonzo's older sister Kaylen is in a high school play.Her character pretends to be a boy,so at one point she goes backstage and changes out of her elaborate dress into a peasant boy's clothes.After she does this,Alonzo asks his mother when Kaylen will come back on the stage.When mother points to Kaylen,Alonzo says,"He's a boy now!" Mother tries to explain that Kaylen's clothes have changed but she is still a girl,but Alonzo doesn't understand because he hasn't yet developed

Georgina has a double stroller for her 11-month-old fraternal twins.She has noticed that when someone stops to admire the children,Jonah smiles and laughs if the stranger talks to him,whereas Irene is more likely to look up at her mother with an uncertain expression.If the stranger talks to Irene,she ducks her head and sometimes even covers her eyes with her hands.Since Georgina has treated both of her children the same way,she knows that Jonah and Irene have different

At 70 years of age Zaire is happily retired and enjoys spending time painting,boating,and being with his wife,grown children,and grandchildren.He is concerned about his health,because several times over the past few months he has been unable to complete certain mundane tasks without assistance.He has periods of confusion and is having more trouble creating paintings that convey what he wants them to.He is aware that his memory is impaired,because his grandchildren often tell him they played some game he doesn't remember.Zaire is probably developing

Sixteen-year-old Yasmeen let a friend cut her hair,but she cut off more than Yasmeen wanted.Now she has an appointment to have her hair fixed,but it is after school and Yasmeen's mother won't let her stay home from school until her hair is fixed.Though Yasmeen's mother says that the uneven cut isn't noticeable when Yasmeen puts her hair in a ponytail,Yasmeen is convinced that everyone at school will know and talk about her behind her back.Yasmeen may be reacting to a/an

Madan is interested in majoring in religious studies,but he is struggling to reconcile the beliefs his parents taught him with what he is learning about world religions in class.Because he believes religion is an important and meaningful part of people's lives,he is committed to figuring out what constitutes truth for him,but he is still confused about what his conclusions will be.James Marcia would say that Madan's identity status in regard to religion is

Eliska is nine months old.One of her favourite games is peek-a-boo,and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when mother covers her face.Eliska has developed _______________,the understanding that mother is still behind her hands even when Eliska can't see her.

Interested in learning how a woman's intelligence quotient affects her marital prospects,researchers gave intelligence tests to a sample of 11-year-old girls,then retested them and asked about their relationship status several times over the next 40 years.This type of study has a _______________ design.

Twelve-year-old Cedrick's English teacher often chooses spelling words that can be rearranged to make new words.Cedrick enjoys the challenge of anagrams and puzzles,and because he has always enjoyed science fiction comic books he has recently begun making up his own stories of planets with occupants completely unlike those on earth or in his science fiction comic books.Cedrick is most likely in Piaget's

Seventy-year-old Mikayla is a retired police officer.She enjoys traveling with her husband,walking her dog,and reading newspapers to stay current with world events.Occasionally she acts as a guest speaker at a local police academy,and she recently began taking a class on English literature,a topic that has always interested her.People often ask her how she has managed to stay so healthy and active when others her age are experiencing mental and physical decline.She can tell them that

At seven months Xiang could sit up by herself,at 9 months she could stand with an adult's support,at 13 months she could stand alone,and at 15 months she could walk alone.The process that allows Xiang's motor skills to develop at the same rate as other children's is called

Lexie enjoys talking to her infant sister Brianna.Lexie explains that she is three years old and holds up three fingers,then asks Brianna if she can do the same thing.Brianna waves her arms but doesn't seem to have much control over her finger movements.In words Lexie can understand her father explains that this is due to the ________________ principle.

Jaeden thinks the speed limit is lower than it should be and doesn't feel bad when he drives faster than the posted limit.He owns a radar detector so that he can slow down if the police are ticketing,because although he doesn't think he's doing anything wrong,he doesn't want to be ticketed.Based on this information,we can be sure

Niko is talking to a friend about his adolescent daughter.He feels that he and his daughter argue more often than they used to and wonders how he might handle their conflicts better.His friend tells him there is nothing he can do,because adolescence is inevitably a time of "storm and stress." Teens are moody,he assures Niko,and Niko can only wait for his daughter to grow older.Is Niko's friend right?

Five-year-old Esperanza knows that she is not supposed to take anything off the kitchen counter unless her mother gives her permission,but she can't resist the fresh cookies while her mother is out of the room.When mother returns to the kitchen,she looks at the cookies,looks at Esperanza,and asks if Esperanza took a cookie.Aware that her mother will not be happy if she says yes,Esperanza says no,she didn't take a cookie.Esperanza's ability to understand that her mother thinks about things differently than she does is called the theory of

Saffi is playing with her two brothers,but when the three of them begin wrestling in the grass Saffi's father tells her she must come and sit by him.He tells her it is not ladylike to roll around in the grass,because she will get her dress dirty.Saffi's father is treating her differently from her brothers because he is using

Ryan's family has a beagle,so when he sees any small,four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called

Fiona's parents expect her to earn good grades and get along with her siblings,and when she breaks the rules she has to go into timeout.When she has trouble with homework,her parents help her understand the concepts but still expect her to do the work.She has to be ready for bed at a certain time,and arguing about bedtime doesn't work.Her parents always give her hugs and tell her they love her before she goes to bed.Fiona's parents have a/an _____________ parenting style.

Stuart's father is a military officer who expects Stuart and his siblings to respond to his commands as if they were in the army.They must always answer him "yes,sir" or "no,sir" and do whatever their mother asks without question.His father never gives Stuart hugs or tells him he loves him,and Stuart often feels that he must earn his father's love by obeying his commands.Stuart's father has a/an __________________ parenting style.

Ryan's family has a beagle,so when he sees any small,four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a cat.Ryan says "Grandma,doggie," and grandmother says,"No,that animal is a cat." Understanding that "doggie" and "cat" are not the same thing,Ryan modifies his mental category for dogs;that is,he _______________ the new information.

Both of Logan's parents work and are usually tired when they get home.They have little tolerance for Logan's questions or requests for help with his homework.He has to find rides home with his friends' parents if he stays after school for any reason,and his parents almost never come to his soccer games.Sometimes Logan wonders why his parents don't seem to like him;it seems like the only time they pay him attention is when the principal calls them because he's in trouble again.Logan's parents have a/an _________________ parenting style.