Deck 3: A Brief History of Public Relations

Question 1

Early publicity shops met with limited success because ________.

A)few understood what publicity was
B)credibility was a problem
C)they met stiff resistance from newspaper publishers
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these individuals is generally credited with being "the father of public relations"?

A)George Creel
B)Edward L.Bernays
C)Ivy Ledbetter Lee
D)George V.S.Michaelis
E)Ron Zeigler

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about public relations is/are true?

A)Modern public relations is linked to the study of rhetoric in ancient Greece.
B)Public relations techniques helped spread Christianity during the Middle Ages.
C)Public relations techniques were used during the American Revolution.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The most important event in the development of modern U.S.public relations is ________.

A)the Boston Tea Party
B)the Industrial Revolution
C)the ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights
D)the growth of public education
E)Crystallizing Public Opinion

Question 5

Edward L.Bernays' critics claimed that he ________.

A)was dishonest
B)didn't understand the plight of poor people
C)was a Nazi sympathizer
D)was sexist
E)was too self-promotional

Question 6

The "Seedbed Years" refers to ________.

A)the period in which the United States had an agricultural-based economy
B)the beginnings of public relations in ancient Greece
C)the initial period of growth in modern public relations
D)the post-World War II period
E)the period prior to the start of the Industrial Revolution

Question 7

Ivy Ledbetter Lee fell into disfavor because of his association with ________.

A)Communist China
B)the Ku Klux Klan
C)Al Capone
D)Nazi Germany
E)Doris Fleischman

Question 8

The attempt to have a viewpoint accepted at the exclusion of all others is ________.

A)publicity
B)propaganda
C)public information
D)press agentry
E)public relations

Question 9

Major trends facing public relations at the end of the 20th century include ________.

A)the globalization of the economy
B)downsizing
C)technological innovations
D)None of the above
E)All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following individuals is most associated with press agentry?

A)Edward Bernays
B)P)T.Barnum
C)Ivy Lee
D)Herb Tarlick
E)Thomas Paine

Question 11

Theodore Roosevelt is remembered for ________.

A)his "Declaration of Principles"
B)writing Crystallizing Public Opinion
C)cultivating public opinion more than his predecessors
D)inventing press agentry
E)creating the Creel Committee

Question 12

The "Declaration of Principles" promised ________.

A)accurate and prompt information
B)to preserve the anonymity of sources
C)a complete disclosure of all financial information
D)to comply with all local,state,and federal laws
E)free balloons for the kids

Question 13

The so-called "Four Minute Men" ________.

A)are former track and field stars who now serve as PR spokespersons
B)were affiliated with the Creel Committee
C)delivered patriotic messages during the First World War
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 14

________ headed the Office of War Information during World War II.

A)George Creel
B)Elmer Davis
C)Bill Gannon
D)Jay Cooke
E)George V.S.Michaelis

Question 15

Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the five social trends that led to the development of modern public relations?

A)the expansion of democracy
B)the aging of the Baby Boom generation
C)the growth of institutions
D)the growth of advocacy
E)the search for consensus

Question 16

The "Railroad-Truckers Brawl" of the 1950s is significant because it led to ________.

A)a court ruling establishing public relations as a legitimate activity in public policy debates
B)the creation of the Federal Trade Commission
C)major reforms in the conduct of government public relations
D)the licensing of public relations
E)the cancellation of The Howdy Doody Show

Question 17

The First Amendment is important to public relations because it ________.

A)guarantees the right to vote
B)created the concept of disclosure laws
C)limits the amount of federal money that can be used to pay a publicity expert
D)included the "Declaration of Principles"
E)established the right to free expression

Question 18

Thomas Paine ________.

A)was the first licensed public relations practitioner
B)wrote Common Sense
C)did public relations for the Nazis
D)headed the Office of War Information
E)was President Nixon's press secretary during Watergate

Question 19

Edward Bernays gets more credit for being the "father of public relations" than Ivy Ledbetter Lee because ________.

A)Lee worked for the Nazi sympathizers;Bernays did not
B)Bernays introduced the concepts of accuracy and ethics to the profession
C)Bernays coined the phrase "public relations"
D)A and B
E)A and C

Question 20

As a result of the downsizing of organization in the late 20th century,________.

A)many corporations downsized or eliminated their public relations departments
B)new opportunities were created for public relations agencies and consultants
C)the demand for public relations counsel decreased
D)A and B.
E)A and C.

Question 21

After World War II,the Office of War Information evolved into ________.

A)the United States Information Agency
B)the Central Intelligence Agency
C)the White House Office of Communications
D)the Office of Public Information
E)the United Network Command for Law Enforcement

Question 22

Why is Edward L.Bernays most often credited as being the "father" of modern public relations?
In his 1923 book Crystallizing Public Opinion,Bernays coined the phrase public relations counsel
and became the first to articulate the two-way communications concept of public relations.That
same year,he taught the first public relations course at New York University.Perhaps most critical -

Question 23

Why did most of the early publicity agencies fail?

Question 24

The congressional testimony of a young Kuwaiti woman about the so-called "incubator incident" in 1990 was called into question because ________.

A)she was an actress
B)she was actually from Bulgaria
C)a failure to disclose a potential conflict of interest
D)the Iraq army had been asked to occupy her country
E)All of the above.

Question 25

Newspaper publishers were among the first to embrace the development of public relations.

Question 26

In his "Declaration of Principles," Ivy Ledbetter Lee coined the phrase "public relations counsel" and
became the first to articulate the two-way communication concept of public relations.

Question 27

One of the reasons early publicity firms didn't stay in business very long was a lack of credibility.

Question 28

Why is President Theodore Roosevelt,a political leader,listed among the pioneers of public
relations?

Question 29

Doris Fleischman was the wife and influential business partner of ________.

A)Ivy Ledbetter Lee
B)George Parker
C)George Creel
D)Edward L.Bernays
E)P)T.Barnum

Question 30

What were some of the earliest uses of public relations techniques?

Question 31

This was the first nationwide grassroots fund raising campaign on behalf of medical research.

A)The Danny Thomas - St.Jude's Children's Hospital Foundation
B)The Jerry Lewis Muscular Dystrophy Association Labor Day Telethon
C)The Susan G.Komen Race for the Cure
D)The Great American Smoke-Out
E)The March of Dimes

Question 32

The origins of public relations can be traced back to 1800 B.C.in what is now known as Iraq.

Question 33

How did the Committee for Public Information influence the growth of public relations?

Question 34

From its earliest days,the public relations industry was at the forefront of anti-smoking campaigns.

Question 35

What is propaganda,and how is it different from public relations?

Question 36

What is the most important event in the development of public relations in the United States?

Question 37

What are some of the challenges facing the practice of public relations at the start of the 21st
century?

Question 38

"Torches of Freedom" refers to ________.

A)a Liberty War Bond campaign
B)an effort to make it socially acceptable for women to smoke cigarettes in public
C)a public relations tactic used to raise money for Statue of Liberty restoration
D)the slogan of the Office of War Information
E)the nickname given U.S.propagandists during World War I