Deck 14: Moving Out: Invasion and Metastasis

Question 1

Matrix metalloproteinases

A)Must be inhibited for a cell to become invasive.
B)Degrade components of the extracellular matrix.
C)Are down-regulated in most cancers.
D)A and C.
E)None of the above.

Answer 1

Degrade components of the extracellular matrix.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs)?

A)They degrade the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells.
B)They inhibit tumor cell invasion.
C)They can cleave collagen.
D)They can be expressed in macrophages.
E)All of the above.

Answer 2

They inhibit tumor cell invasion.

Question 3

Intravasation is the movement of cancer cells from the primary site

A)Into blood vessels.
B)Into lymphatic vessels.
C)Into distant organs.
D)A and B.
E)None of the above.

Answer 3

A and B.

Question 4

The majority of metastases are the result of cancer cell invasion

A)Through blood vessels.
B)Through lymphatic vessels.
C)Through bones.
D)Through soft tissues.
E)None of the above.

Question 5

In a mouse model of breast carcinoma in which mouse mammary carcinoma cells were injected orthotopically into the mouse mammary tissue,cells in which the transcription factor Twist was knocked down by siRNA

A)Formed primary tumors at least as rapidly as control cells.
B)Took twice as long as control cells to form tumors.
C)Had reduced metastases to the lungs.
D)A and C.
E)All of the above.

Question 6

Expression of α_Vβ₆ integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in

A)Chronic inflammation.
B)Wound healing.
C)EMT.
D)A,B,and C.
E)None of the above.

Question 7

Cells undergoing EMT are most frequently observed

A)In normal tissue surrounding a tumor.
B)In the center of a tumor.
C)Near the edge of a tumor.
D)Only in circulating tumor cells.
E)None of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The circulatory layout may strongly influence the location of metastases.
B)A tumor's tendency to metastasize to particular tissues may reflect the tumor cells' ability to adapt to the microenvironment within those tissues.
C)Colon cancer most frequently metastasizes to the lungs.
D)A and B.
E)All of the above.

Question 9

Cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition will acquire

A)Increased invasive ability.
B)Higher resistance to apoptosis.
C)Increased motility.
D)Ability to metastasize.
E)All of the above.

Question 10

The ability for cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor

A)Is acquired along with the ability to move through circulation.
B)Is possessed by the majority of cells in a tumor.
C)Is often acquired after micrometastases have been established.
D)Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometastases.
E)None of the above.

Question 11

The EMT program is regulated in part by

A)NF-κB signaling.
B)Wnt signaling.
C)TGF-β signaling.
D)Stromal cells.
E)All of the above.

Question 12

The growth of microscopic metastases into macroscopic masses is known as

A)Invasion.
B)Colonization.
C)Intravasation.
D)Extravasation.
E)None of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following proteins may be secreted by tumor cells to drive lymphangiogenesis?

A)VEGF-A
B)VEGF-C
C)PI3K
D)PDGF
E)None of the above

Question 14

Small,focal protrusions from the cell surface that degrade areas of the extracellular matrix are called

A)Invadopodia.
B)Collagenopodia.
C)Filaments.
D)Cytoskeletal arms.
E)None of the above.