Question 1

Matrix metalloproteinases

Accepted Answer

A) Must be inhibited for a cell to become invasive. 
B) Degrade components of the extracellular matrix. 
C) Are down-regulated in most cancers. 
D) A and C. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Must be inhibited for a cell to become invasive. 
B) Degrade components of the extracellular matrix. 
C) Are down-regulated in most cancers. 
D) A and C. 
E) None of the above. B

Question 2

The growth of microscopic metastases into macroscopic masses is known as

Accepted Answer

A) Invasion. 
B) Colonization. 
C) Intravasation. 
D) Extravasation. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Invasion. 
B) Colonization. 
C) Intravasation. 
D) Extravasation. 
E) None of the above. B

Question 3

Which of the following proteins may be secreted by tumor cells to drive lymphangiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) VEGF-A 
B) VEGF-C 
C) PI3K 
D) PDGF 
E) None of the above 
A) VEGF-A 
B) VEGF-C 
C) PI3K 
D) PDGF 
E) None of the above B

Question 4

Intravasation is the movement of cancer cells from the primary site

Accepted Answer

A) Into blood vessels. 
B) Into lymphatic vessels. 
C) Into distant organs. 
D) A and B. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Into blood vessels. 
B) Into lymphatic vessels. 
C) Into distant organs. 
D) A and B. 
E) None of the above.

Question 5

In a mouse model of breast carcinoma in which mouse mammary carcinoma cells were injected orthotopically into the mouse mammary tissue,cells in which the transcription factor Twist was knocked down by siRNA

Accepted Answer

A) Formed primary tumors at least as rapidly as control cells. 
B) Took twice as long as control cells to form tumors. 
C) Had reduced metastases to the lungs. 
D) A and C. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Formed primary tumors at least as rapidly as control cells. 
B) Took twice as long as control cells to form tumors. 
C) Had reduced metastases to the lungs. 
D) A and C. 
E) All of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The circulatory layout may strongly influence the location of metastases. 
B) A tumor's tendency to metastasize to particular tissues may reflect the tumor cells' ability to adapt to the microenvironment within those tissues. 
C) Colon cancer most frequently metastasizes to the lungs. 
D) A and B. 
E) All of the above. 
A) The circulatory layout may strongly influence the location of metastases. 
B) A tumor's tendency to metastasize to particular tissues may reflect the tumor cells' ability to adapt to the microenvironment within those tissues. 
C) Colon cancer most frequently metastasizes to the lungs. 
D) A and B. 
E) All of the above.

Question 7

Small,focal protrusions from the cell surface that degrade areas of the extracellular matrix are called

Accepted Answer

A) Invadopodia. 
B) Collagenopodia. 
C) Filaments. 
D) Cytoskeletal arms. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Invadopodia. 
B) Collagenopodia. 
C) Filaments. 
D) Cytoskeletal arms. 
E) None of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs)?

Accepted Answer

A) They degrade the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. 
B) They inhibit tumor cell invasion. 
C) They can cleave collagen. 
D) They can be expressed in macrophages. 
E) All of the above. 
A) They degrade the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. 
B) They inhibit tumor cell invasion. 
C) They can cleave collagen. 
D) They can be expressed in macrophages. 
E) All of the above.

Question 9

The majority of metastases are the result of cancer cell invasion

Accepted Answer

A) Through blood vessels. 
B) Through lymphatic vessels. 
C) Through bones. 
D) Through soft tissues. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Through blood vessels. 
B) Through lymphatic vessels. 
C) Through bones. 
D) Through soft tissues. 
E) None of the above.

Question 10

Cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition will acquire

Accepted Answer

A) Increased invasive ability. 
B) Higher resistance to apoptosis. 
C) Increased motility. 
D) Ability to metastasize. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Increased invasive ability. 
B) Higher resistance to apoptosis. 
C) Increased motility. 
D) Ability to metastasize. 
E) All of the above.

Question 11

The ability for cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor

Accepted Answer

A) Is acquired along with the ability to move through circulation. 
B) Is possessed by the majority of cells in a tumor. 
C) Is often acquired after micrometastases have been established. 
D) Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometastases. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Is acquired along with the ability to move through circulation. 
B) Is possessed by the majority of cells in a tumor. 
C) Is often acquired after micrometastases have been established. 
D) Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometastases. 
E) None of the above.

Question 12

Cells undergoing EMT are most frequently observed

Accepted Answer

A) In normal tissue surrounding a tumor. 
B) In the center of a tumor. 
C) Near the edge of a tumor. 
D) Only in circulating tumor cells. 
E) None of the above. 
A) In normal tissue surrounding a tumor. 
B) In the center of a tumor. 
C) Near the edge of a tumor. 
D) Only in circulating tumor cells. 
E) None of the above.

Question 13

Expression of αVβ6 integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in

Accepted Answer

A) Chronic inflammation. 
B) Wound healing. 
C) EMT. 
D) A,B,and C. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Chronic inflammation. 
B) Wound healing. 
C) EMT. 
D) A,B,and C. 
E) None of the above.

Question 14

The EMT program is regulated in part by

Accepted Answer

A) NF-κB signaling. 
B) Wnt signaling. 
C) TGF-β signaling. 
D) Stromal cells. 
E) All of the above. 
A) NF-κB signaling. 
B) Wnt signaling. 
C) TGF-β signaling. 
D) Stromal cells. 
E) All of the above.

Matrix metalloproteinases

The growth of microscopic metastases into macroscopic masses is known as

Which of the following proteins may be secreted by tumor cells to drive lymphangiogenesis?

Intravasation is the movement of cancer cells from the primary site

In a mouse model of breast carcinoma in which mouse mammary carcinoma cells were injected orthotopically into the mouse mammary tissue,cells in which the transcription factor Twist was knocked down by siRNA

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Small,focal protrusions from the cell surface that degrade areas of the extracellular matrix are called

Which of the following is NOT true of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs)?

The majority of metastases are the result of cancer cell invasion

Cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition will acquire

The ability for cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor

Cells undergoing EMT are most frequently observed

Expression of α_Vβ₆ integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in

The EMT program is regulated in part by

The Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms

The Nature of Cancer

Tumor Viruses

Cellular Oncogenes

Growth Factors,receptors,and Cancer

Cytoplasmic Signaling Circuitry Programs Many of the Traits of Cancer

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prb and Control of the Cell Cycle Clock

P53 and Apoptosis: Master Guardian and Executioner

Eternal Life: Cell Immortalization and Tumorigenesis

Multi-Step Tumorigenesis

Maintenance of Genomic Integrity and the Development of Cancer

Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis

Crowd Control: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

The Rational Treatment of Cancer

Filters

Exam 14: Moving Out: Invasion and Metastasis

Matrix metalloproteinases

The growth of microscopic metastases into macroscopic masses is known as

Which of the following proteins may be secreted by tumor cells to drive lymphangiogenesis?

Intravasation is the movement of cancer cells from the primary site

In a mouse model of breast carcinoma in which mouse mammary carcinoma cells were injected orthotopically into the mouse mammary tissue,cells in which the transcription factor Twist was knocked down by siRNA

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Small,focal protrusions from the cell surface that degrade areas of the extracellular matrix are called

Which of the following is NOT true of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs)?

The majority of metastases are the result of cancer cell invasion

Cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition will acquire

The ability for cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor

Cells undergoing EMT are most frequently observed

Expression of αVβ6 integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in

The EMT program is regulated in part by

The Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms

The Nature of Cancer

Tumor Viruses

Cellular Oncogenes

Growth Factors,receptors,and Cancer

Cytoplasmic Signaling Circuitry Programs Many of the Traits of Cancer

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prb and Control of the Cell Cycle Clock

P53 and Apoptosis: Master Guardian and Executioner

Eternal Life: Cell Immortalization and Tumorigenesis

Multi-Step Tumorigenesis

Maintenance of Genomic Integrity and the Development of Cancer

Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis

Crowd Control: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

The Rational Treatment of Cancer

Filters

Expression of α_Vβ₆ integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in