Deck 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Question 1

In the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2, benchmarking and six sigma are the top two contemporary management tools.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, and administrative principles.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

With clear definitions of authority and responsibility, division of labor is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The classical perspective on management emerged during the early eighteenth century.

Question 5

A historical perspective provides a narrower way of thinking, a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

Question 6

The early study of management as we know it today began with what is now called the technology-driven workplace.

Question 7

A bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed is called a Gantt chart.

Question 8

Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Question 9

Economic forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society.

Question 10

Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job.

Question 11

Studying history is a way to achieve strategic thinking, see the big picture, and improve conceptual skills.

Question 12

Frederick W. Taylor developed Scientific Management and emphasized the fourteen principles of management that should guide managerial behavior.

Question 13

Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 14

The technology-driven workplace is the most current management perspective.

Question 15

Political forces are aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 16

One of the criticisms of scientific management is it did not acknowledge variance among individuals.

Question 17

During difficult times, managers look for ideas to help them cope with environmental turbulence and keep their organizations vital.

Question 18

A study of the past contributes to understanding both the present and the future.

Question 19

Taylor was awarded the title of "father of scientific management" since he was the sole contributor in the area of scientific management.

Question 20

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of behavioral science.

Question 21

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with belongingness, progressed to safety, and finally to esteem.

Question 22

Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.

Question 23

The behavioral science approach develops theories about human behavior based on scientific methods and study.

Question 24

Unity of direction principle proposes that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.

Question 25

Unfortunately, Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of engineering techniques rather than people.

Question 26

The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

Question 27

A social group within an organization is part of the informal organization.

Question 28

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers, where Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognizes that workers will avoid work whenever possible.

Question 29

One of the important reasons for the success of UPS is the concept of bureaucracy.

Question 30

Operations management represents the field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods and services.

Question 31

Scientific management focused on employee competence, and administrative principles focused on work flow through the organization.

Question 32

The scalar chain is a hypothetical chain that provides horizontal links between unionized workers in different departments in an organization.

Question 33

The management science perspective emerged after World War II to treat problems associated with improving manufacturing.

Question 34

Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes.

Question 35

Fayol's Unity of Direction Principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one, and only one.

Question 36

The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs is the key to increased worker productivity.

Question 37

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with safety needs.

Question 38

Theory Y proposes that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all of their employees.

Question 39

Most early interpretations of the Hawthorne studies agreed that money was the cause of the increased output.

Question 40

The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance.

Question 41

The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.

Question 42

Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.

Question 43

Managers learn to think in terms of "control over" rather than "control with" others in learning organizations.

Question 44

Contingency theory suggests that managers would be more successful if they learned the best way to manage and motivate their employees, and then applied this knowledge in a universally consistent way.

Question 45

An open system is open to the suggestions and recommendations of its workers in systems theory.

Question 46

A(n) ____ perspective provides a broader way of thinking, a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

A) analytical
B) futuristic
C) systematic
D) methodical
E) historical

Question 47

In learning organizations, although team leadership is critical, the traditional boss is practically eliminated.

Question 48

There are four components to the systems theory: inputs, outputs, feedback and the customers.

Question 49

The fundamental unit in a learning organization is command-and-control management teams.

Question 50

Outsourcing refers to contracting out selected functions or activities to other organizations that can do the work more cost-efficiently.

Question 51

A contingency view perceives every situation as unique.

Question 52

The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to continuous improvement.

Question 53

When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers, and this leads to continual improvement of production, synergy has occurred.

Question 54

A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it refers to outsourcing.

Question 55

Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Question 56

Closed systems must interact with the environment to survive.

Question 57

A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Question 58

The sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers refers to enterprise resource planning.

Question 59

From a systems theory viewpoint, outputs are the material, human, financial, or information resources used to produce goods and services.

Question 60

Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.

Question 61

The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which management perspective?

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The classical perspective
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The TQM approach

Question 62

According to the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2, which of the following is not in the top five contemporary management tools?

A) Collaborative innovation
B) Mission and vision statements
C) Customer segmentation
D) Strategic planning
E) Customer relationship management

Question 63

Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?

A) It does not appreciate the social context of work.
B) It does not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
C) It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
D) It does not acknowledge variance among individuals.
E) It tends to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions.

Question 64

____ is considered the "father of scientific management."

A) Frank B. Gilbreth
B) Elton Mayo
C) Henry Gantt
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick W. Taylor

Question 65

Strong anti-American sentiments in many parts of the world exemplify the effect of

A) economic forces.
B) political forces.
C) social forces.
D) technological forces.
E) human relations force.

Question 66

Which of these forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society?

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 67

Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with ____.

A) one best way to do work
B) leadership flows from the top down
C) procedures and policies
D) scientific management
E) bureaucracy

Question 68

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of

A) bureaucratic organizations.
B) scientific management.
C) quantitative management.
D) administrative management.
E) behavioral science.

Question 69

____ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 70

According to the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2, North American executives are more likely to use tools such as

A) customer segmentation and business process reengineering.
B) consumer ethnography and corporate blogs.
C) strategic alliances and collaborative innovation.
D) activity-based management and virtual teams.
E) scenario planning and lean operations.

Question 71

Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines?

A) The Humanistic Perspective
B) The Behavioral Sciences Approach
C) The Classical Perspective
D) The TQM approach
E) The Quantitative Management Approach

Question 72

____ is the most current management perspective.

A) The learning organization
B) Contingency views
C) Systems theory
D) The technology-drive workplace
E) Classical perspective

Question 73

The stimulus for technological innovation is often found in which of these?

A) Social forces
B) Political forces
C) Economic forces
D) Competitive forces
E) All of these

Question 74

The three subfields of the classical perspective include

A) quantitative management, behavioral science, and administrative management.
B) bureaucratic organization, quantitative management, and the human relations movement.
C) administrative management, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management.
D) scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management.
E) none of these.

Question 75

Fredrick Taylor's contributions were in the field of

A) scientific management.
B) human resource management.
C) human relations.
D) quantitative management.
E) total quality management.

Question 76

Who is considered the "first lady of management?"

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Carly Fioroni
D) Maxine Weber
E) Anne Adams

Question 77

Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed?

A) Time and Work chart
B) Gantt chart
C) Time and Motion chart
D) Production and Delivery chart
E) Gilbreth chart

Question 78

Which of these forces comprises unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships?

A) Economic force
B) Political force
C) Social force
D) Legal force
E) Personal force

Question 79

Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?

A) It ignored the social context of work.
B) It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
C) It overemphasized individual differences.
D) It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
E) It emphasized the social context of work.

Question 80

Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The TQM approach
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The scientific management movement