Deck 13: Equality and Discrimination

Question 1

According to the principle of equality,in order to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits one need only show that there are real differences between them.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The U.S.Supreme Court concluded in the Bakke decision that consideration of race in school admissions was unconstitutional.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Affirmative action programs presume that past discrimination and its resulting present disadvantage are relevant reasons for differential treatment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Slavery was prohibited by the Nineteenth Amendment of the U.S.Constitution.

Question 5

Which of the following objections to affirmative action programs is raised by consequentialist critics?

A) They are fundamentally unfair.
B) They are tantamount to reverse discrimination.
C) They mainly benefit middle-class rather than lower-class African Americans.
D) They violate principles of equality and impartiality.

Question 6

What was the significance of the Bakke decision and the University of Michigan cases?

A) They reaffirmed the separation of church and state by denying Catholic schools the right to federal tax dollars.
B) They forbade the use of racial quotas in school admissions,but allowed some consideration of race in admissions decisions.
C) They forbade the use of race considerations in school admissions,but allow gender quotas in admissions decisions.
D) They forbade any consideration of race in school admissions decisions.

Question 7

"It is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny to some of them significant social benefits unless we can show that there is a difference between them that is relevant to the differential treatment." This quote supports the principle of

A) Justice.
B) Equal pay for equal work.
C) Equality.
D) Reverse discrimination.

Question 8

The people affected by secondary racism or sexism are

A) Directly affected by discriminatory words and acts.
B) Less severely affected than victims of primary racism.
C) Invariably silent sufferers,because the forms of discrimination are so subtle.
D) Indirectly affected by subtly expressed items that have a discriminatory effect.

Question 9

Which point does Fullinwider intend to make with the "Land of Giants" thought experiment?

A) That Affirmative Action is the only viable strategy.
B) That people who benefit from discriminatory practices realize that the practices are morally wrong.
C) That those who seem like giants today will be viewed as small people tomorrow.
D) That well-intentioned people may perpetuate discrimination that is invisible to them.

Question 10

According to the principle of equality,it is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits unless which of the following is demonstrated?

A) That they are illegal immigrants.
B) That they or their families have materially benefited from past discrimination.
C) That they or their families have materially suffered from past discrimination.
D) That they are relevantly different in ways that justify differential treatment.

Question 11

Which amendment to the US Constitution gave black women the right to vote?

A) 24th
B) 19th
C) 14th
D) 13th

Question 12

When giving a consequentialist argument for affirmative action one need show only that these programs can have good consequences.

Question 13

The principle of equality is a nonconsequentialist moral principle.

Question 14

What was ruled in the case of Brown vs.Board of Education? That "separate but equal" educational facilities were unconstitutional.

A) That affirmative action in elementary schools was illegal and unconstitutional.
B) That students could not be rejected from college on religious grounds.
C) That affirmative action at Brown University was inherently discriminatory.
D) ​

Question 15

If any group differences exist they will most probably be average differences.

Question 16

According to the principle of equality,a society that preferred women for the respected and highly paid position of financial advisor would be justified in doing so if it could be proven that women by nature were more talented in such matters than men.

Question 17

All of the following are examples of types of affirmative action except:

A) Firing employees to reach racial balance.
B) Setting quotas to reach a more representative racial balance.
C) Using preferences among equally qualified candidates.
D) Enlarging the pool of candidates before choosing on the basis of qualifications.

Question 18

Arguments for affirmative action based on reasons of compensatory justice must show that compensation to members of certain groups is justified.

Question 19

There are still wide disparities in employment statistics between whites and Blacks in the U.S.

Question 20

Explain the element of the principle of equality that asserts that differences must be real.How does this fit with arguments for affirmative action that want to use created differences to justify differential treatment?

Question 21

Explain the element of the principle of equality that asserts that one must show that there are real differences rather than just surmise that they exist.