Deck 14: Fundamentals of Normal and Abnormal Gait

Question 1

What happens to a person's center of mass (COM)during normal gait?

A) It stays at the same point throughout normal gait
B) It moves up and down and side to side with normal gait
C) It moves up and down with normal gait
D) It moves side to side with normal gait

Answer 1

It moves up and down and side to side with normal gait

Question 2

Which of the following abnormal gaits is described as an indication of decreased ankle range of motion,with heel rise very shortly after contralateral toe off? It can be a compensatory mechanism for the swing leg or due to decreased leg dorsiflexion range of motion and appears as a bouncy appearance.

A) Excessive ankle plantar flexion
B) Antalgic gait
C) Excessive ankle dorsiflexion
D) Increased knee flexion

Answer 2

Excessive ankle plantar flexion

Question 3

What is the maximum amount of hip flexion during normal gait?

A) 10°
B) 20°
C) 30°
D) 50°

Answer 3

30°

Question 4

Which of the following terms is described as an abnormal gait seen in the stance phase when the trunk lean is often a compensation for quadriceps weakness.It is commonly seen in poliomyelitis patients.

A) Lateral trunk bending
B) Antalgic gait
C) Contralateral pelvis drop
D) Anterior trunk lean

Question 5

During which phase of normal gait does the quadriceps muscle group become activated in preparation to accept weight during stance?

A) Preswing
B) Swing
C) Terminal swing
D) Stance

Question 6

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stride?

A) The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground
B) Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot
C) Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot
D) The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground

Question 7

Which of the following abnormal gaits is a compensation for weakness of the hip abductors,when patients lean toward the stance leg of the weak abductors in order to minimize the force required of the weak muscles to prevent downward movement of the pelvis?

A) Lateral trunk bending
B) Antalgic gait
C) Contralateral pelvis drop
D) Anterior trunk lean

Question 8

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a gait pattern accompanied by pain when the person leans the trunk toward (hip pain)or away (knee or ankle pain)from the side of painful lower extremity during the stance phase?

A) Lateral trunk bending
B) Antalgic gait
C) Contralateral pelvis drop
D) Anterior trunk lean

Question 9

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by a person who advances the swing leg in a lateral semicircular pattern rather than in a straight plane?

A) Increased knee flexion
B) Hip circumduction
C) Antalgic gait
D) Excessive ankle plantar flexion

Question 10

Which of the following abnormal gaits is characterized by excessive downward movement of the pelvis by the swing leg? It occurs as a consequence of a musculoskeletal impairment such as hip abductor weakness or a neuromuscular disease affecting the gluteus medius recruitment.

A) Lateral trunk bending
B) Antalgic gait
C) Contralateral pelvis drop
D) Anterior trunk lean

Question 11

At ground contact,what position is the knee in?

A) It is flexed
B) It is in full extension
C) It is slightly extended
D) None of the above

Question 12

In the foot,which joint is instrumental to a stable gait?

A) Ankle
B) First metatarsophalangeal joint
C) A and B
D) None of the above

Question 13

What determines average walking speed?

A) Cadence
B) Step width
C) Foot progression angle
D) Step length
E) A and D

Question 14

Which weight-bearing status would be used for a person who is unable to support any weight on the affected limb?

A) Partial weight bearing
B) Touchdown weight bearing
C) Toe touch weight bearing
D) Non-weight bearing

Question 15

Which of the following is correct about stride?

A) Length ranges from 2 to 3 meters in healthy individuals
B) Men have longer strides than women
C) It is contact of one foot until contact with the other foot
D) All of the above

Question 16

Which action in the ankle during normal gait occurs first?

A) Ankle dorsiflexion
B) Ankle plantar flexion
C) Ankle remains in neutral position
D) None of the above

Question 17

For a patient with an injured left leg using four-point crutch walking,which movement is made first?

A) Left crutch,right foot,right crutch,left foot
B) Right crutch,left foot,left crutch,right foot
C) Left foot,left crutch,right crutch,right foot
D) Right crutch,right foot,left crutch,left foot

Question 18

Which of the following definitions applies to the term stance phase?

A) The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is off the ground
B) Contact on one foot until contact with the other foot
C) Contact with one foot until contact with the same foot
D) The portion of the gait cycle where the foot is in contact with the ground

Question 19

Which of the following statements is FALSE about abnormal gaits?

A) They increase energy expenditure
B) They negatively affect functional independence
C) They decrease safety
D) They contribute to different gait abnormalities over time
E) None of the above

Question 20

When is the gluteus maximus active during normal gait?

A) The first 20% of the gait cycle
B) The first 30% of the gait cycle
C) For half of the gait cycle
D) For 80% of the gait cycle