Deck 17: Biotechnology

Question 1

Which components are required in plasmids? (check all that apply)

A)A selectable marker,usually antibiotic resistance
B)A bacterial artificial chromosome
C)One or more unique restriction sites where foreign DNA can be added
D)An origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E.coli independently of the host chromosome

Answer 1

A,C,D

Question 2

A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate.

A)803
B)2622
C)3425
D)235

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most recent techniques developed in the biological sciences allow the manipulation of DNA with the ultimate goal of intervening directly with the ________ fate of organisms.

A)genetic
B)developmental
C)adult
D)mitotic

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Bacterial plasmids and artificial chromosomes are used as ________ to insert foreign DNA into host cells and create recombinant genomes.

A)clones
B)vectors
C)endonucleases
D)subunits

Question 5

Identify a sequence that is most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme.

A)CGATGC
B)CCCTTT
C)TGGCCA
D)TCATCA

Question 6

All of the following involve molecular biology techniques except

A)ligating DNA fragments together.
B)using restriction enzymes to cut specific sequences of DNA.
C)using a DNA polymerase to copy DNA via PCR.
D)creation of Okazaki fragments.

Question 7

Which of the following types of information would be most useful in an effort to move a DNA fragment from one plasmid vector to another,using molecular cloning techniques?

A)DNA fingerprint data
B)Sequence of PCR primers
C)Data from cloning of Dolly the sheep
D)Restriction maps of the plasmids

Question 8

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called ________.

A)vectors
B)peptidases
C)restriction endonucleases
D)DNAses

Question 9

An enzyme that has been isolated from retroviruses and is used to generate cDNA is

A)transverse ligase.
B)reverse transcriptase.
C)reverse endonuclease.
D)recombinant RNase.
E)RNA polymerase.

Question 10

You want to insert your favorite gene,which has been digested with Ncol endonuclease on both ends,into a vector.Ncol recognizes the DNA sequence C*CATGG.The vector you want to use contains many endonuclease recognition sites,but does not include an Ncol site.Which restriction endonuclease would be the most suitable replacement to digest the vector?

A)Sphl - G*CATGC
B)Sunl - C*GTACG
C)Kpnl - GGTAC*C
D)CViAll - C*ATG

Question 11

A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 12

A fourth type of restriction enzyme is identified that cleaves at precise locations like a type II enzyme,but it also occasionally makes mistakes and cuts elsewhere.Would this type of enzyme be a useful enzyme to use in molecular cloning?

A)Yes,because it cuts correctly sometimes.
B)No,because it is a precise enzyme.
C)No,because cutting mistakes could lead to incorrect cloning.
D)Yes,because cutting mistakes don't matter in molecular cloning.

Question 13

A gel electrophoresis is performed,but when the gel imager is used,no bands appear.The researcher might have forgotten to

A)add electric current.
B)add antibody.
C)ligate the DNA fragments together.
D)include DNA dye.
E)include an RNA probe.

Question 14

Gel ________ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size,by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

A)duplication
B)blotting
C)electrophoresis
D)migration

Question 15

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a(n)

A)polymerase enzyme.
B)ligase enzyme.
C)exonuclease enzyme.
D)protease enzyme.
E)methylase enzyme.

Question 16

The most common way to follow bacterial transformation with a plasmid is by

A)manufacturing the bacterial protein.
B)conferring antibiotic resistance.
C)separating the altered cell surface.
D)making the cells immortal.
E)altering the physical appearance of the cells.

Question 17

Small circular,extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as ________.

A)vectors
B)plasmids
C)clones
D)RNA

Question 18

Single-stranded ends generated by the same restriction enzyme are complementary to each other.They can be joined together

A)even when the source of the DNA is different.
B)only when the source of the DNA is the same.
C)but the "sticky ends" will most likely have to be modified.
D)but the hybridization of the two ends may cause a problem with cloning.
E)only if the subunits have been methylated.

Question 19

Restriction enzymes are

A)proteases.
B)lipases.
C)endonucleases.
D)exonucleases.

Question 20

Single-stranded complementary tails that are produced by restriction digestion are called ________ ends.

A)sticky
B)orphaned
C)vectors
D)5'

Question 21

Organisms containing DNA from an outside source are called

A)transcribed organisms.
B)compound organisms.
C)hybrid organisms.
D)plasmid organisms.
E)transgenic organisms.

Question 22

A rare disease is now understood to be caused by a single mutant gene.When the researcher learns that the gene encodes a ________,he says "Oh good! We may be able to treat the disease with recombinant protein produced in E.coli and delivered by injection."

A)protein hormone
B)cell-surface receptor
C)ribozyme
D)component of chromatin
E)mitochondrial enzyme

Question 23

You are the scientific consultant for a television show about forensic analysis.In an upcoming episode,investigators will compare the DNA of a suspect and a DNA sample collected from the victim's fingernails.You are to write up a brief explanation of the technique required for comparing the DNA.Which technique should you explain?

A)DNA fingerprinting
B)Fluorescent in situ hybridization
C)RNAi
D)RT-PCR

Question 24

Prior to using PCR to introduce mutations into DNA in vitro,what was a common method of mutagenesis used by scientists?

A)Self-fertilization of plants or inbreeding of animal models
B)Chemicals to induce mutations
C)Physical manipulation of DNA (e.g.vortexing)
D)Using only old parents to set crosses in plants and animals

Question 25

The PCR technique requires a DNA polymerase from an organism that can endure high heat,such as Thermus aquaticus.What step of the protocol makes the heat-stability most necessary?

A)Synthesis
B)Primer annealing
C)Denaturation
D)Antibody binding

Question 26

A key difference between transforming plant cells and human cells is

A)genes to be expressed in human cells require a eukaryotic promoter,and genes to be expressed in plants don't.
B)DNA cannot be introduced into human cells.
C)Agrobacterium is commonly used as a tool to directly transform plant cells but not human cells.
D)a vector is needed to introduce DNA into human cells and not plant cells.

Question 27

A technique used to amplify a desired piece of DNA is

A)gel electrophoresis.
B)RFLP.
C)PCR.
D)plasmid replication.
E)Northern Blot.

Question 28

Select the experiments that can be characterized as reverse genetics: (check all that apply)

A)Generation and analysis of a knockout mouse
B)Random mutagenesis of an organism,then selecting mutants by phenotype
C)RNA interference of a gene in C.elegans
D)Using reverse transcriptase to create a cDNA library

Question 29

In some ciliate protozoa,the codons UAA and UAG encode glutamate,rather than acting as STOP codons.How does this compare to other species?

A)This is unusual - almost all species share the same "universal" genetic code.
B)This is typical - every species has its own unique genetic code.
C)This is not unusual - while most species have a similar genetic code,there are often variations for some of the amino acids.

Question 30

Which component of the PCR mix do researchers manipulate to induce a site-specific mutation?

A)Primers
B)Taq polymerase
C)DNA template
D)Reverse transcriptase

Question 31

A certain wastewater treatment plant uses aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bacteria,and archaebacteria during secondary treatment of sewage.Unfortunately,during a bad blizzard the aerated tanks froze,killing the microbes inside.What is likely to result?

A)Floc levels will diminish.
B)Methane production will go down.
C)Solid material will not be effectively filtered out.
D)Floc will not be effectively filtered out.

Question 32

Both DNA replication and PCR require: (check all that apply)

A)DNA polymerase.
B)DNA helicase.
C)a DNA template.
D)a thermocycler machine.
E)plasmid DNA.

Question 33

You have discovered a very small amount of DNA from an ancient organism that you want to save and study.What is the very first thing you should do to allow you to study this DNA in the lab?

A)RT-PCR
B)Gel electrophoresis
C)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D)Insert the DNA into a vector

Question 34

Investigators have found a new species bacteria that lives under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.They hypothesize that different genes are expressed in each condition.What experiment could test this hypothesis and identify important genes?

A)Completely sequence the genome of the bacteria in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
B)Collect mRNA from both anaerobic and aerobic conditions and generate two cDNA libraries
C)Measure levels of RNA Polymerase in both conditions
D)Design primers to a specific region of the genome and sequence this region during both anaerobic and aerobic conditions

Question 35

The ________ from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used in genetic engineering involving crop plant genes.

A)restriction endonucleases
B)DNA
C)Ti vector
D)Ti plasmid

Question 36

A commercially significant human protein now produced in bacteria is

A)hemoglobin.
B)gamma globulins.
C)AZT.
D)human insulin.
E)HIV vaccine.

Question 37

Which of the following two enzymes are needed to construct a cDNA library?

A)Reverse transcriptase and DNA ligase
B)Reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase
C)DNA ligase and Taq polymerase
D)Taq polymerase and RNA polymerase

Question 38

Three scientists are using different forms of PCR for their research.Abby wants to determine changes in gene expression levels in a tissue,so she uses ________.Bob is trying to extract genetic information from a wooly mammoth fossil,so he uses ________.Chris needs to express a gene in bacteria that matches the form expressed in kidney cells,so she uses ________.

A)quantitative RT-PCR; PCR; RT-PCR
B)PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR
C)RT-PCR; PCR; quantitative RT-PCR
D)RT-PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; PCR
E)quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR; PCR

Question 39

Which type of disease is LEAST likely to be able to be treated using genome editing with TALEN or CRISPR?

A)Trisomy-21
B)Leukemia
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Huntingtons

Question 40

A researcher wants to create a mouse model for a disease,to allow her team to study possible therapies.The disease is known to be caused by a small deletion that removes a certain gene.Which type of mouse would be the best choice for this purpose?

A)Knockout mouse
B)Knockin mouse
C)Conditional knockout mouse activated by a drug
D)Mutant derived by traditional forward genetics screen
E)Tissue-specific gene knockout

Question 41

A friend makes the argument that transgenic crops have only been used to enrich large corporations,not to improve people's health.What is the best counterexample?

A)Golden rice
B)Bt maize
C)Glyphosate-resistant soybeans
D)Cre-Lox

Question 42

A farmer is growing glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybeans.What are you unlikely to see in those fields during the growing season?

A)A tilling machine
B)Caterpillars
C)Field mice
D)Irrigation

Question 43

An immunoassay was developed to rapidly diagnose patients infected with an emerging virus.However,the researchers discovered that some individuals were producing false negatives when tested,despite being infected with the virus.What might explain this?

A)Rapid evolution of the viral antigen
B)Changes in the length of the viral DNA
C)Number of genome copies carried in each virion
D)Changes in the antibody produced by the virus

Question 44

Imagine that a very unusual animal species had the ability to make its own aromatic amino acids using a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP)synthase enzyme similar to that of plants.What would happen if this animal foraged in a field of glyphosate-resistant plants?

A)No effect
B)They would become sick from the glyphosate that was sprayed on the plants
C)They would also become glyphosate-resistant
D)They would no longer need to make their own aromatic amino acids

Question 45

Crop plants have been protected from certain insects by the addition of a gene for a specific insect toxin from the bacterium

A)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B)Bacillus thuringiensis.
C)Herpes simplex.
D)Pseudomonas.
E)tobacco mosaic.

Question 46

An insecticidal protein has been discovered in a bacterium known as

A)Escherichia coli.
B)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
C)Bacillus thuringiensis.
D)Aspergillus sp.

Question 47

A medical researcher is trying to develop a diagnostic technique for a disease which is characterized by replication of a particular chromosomal region.What would be the most appropriate technique?

A)FISH
B)Gene chip
C)Genome sequencing
D)White blood cell count

Question 48

Which genes were incorporated into the genome of Golden Rice? (check all that apply)

A)Daffodil phytoene synthase gene
B)Bacterial carotene desaturase gene
C)Bacterial beta-galactosidase
D)Daffodil lycopene beta-cyclase gene