Deck 18: Organizing Information about Species

Question 1

____ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.  

A) Embryology
B) Molecular archeology
C) Evolution
D) Comparative morphology
E) Composition

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which group is the sister group to humans?  

A) Earthworm
B) Lizard
C) Tuna
D) Mouse
E) Duck

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following have features that show morphological convergence?  

A) Sharks, penguins, and porpoises
B) Panthers and tigers
C) Apes and monkeys
D) Sharks, skates, and rays
E) Mice, rats, and gerbils

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What are the characteristics of two species with a distant evolutionary relationship?  

A) Few similarities between their proteins
B) Almost similar protein sequences
C) Almost opposite protein sequences
D) No similarities in their protein sequences.
E) Missing amino acids in their sequences

Question 5

Which of the following are examples of homologous structures?  

A) Whale flipper and cat leg
B) Human eye and octopus eye
C) Bird and insect wings
D) Body shape of sharks and dolphins
E) Penguin wing and fish fin

Question 6

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles was modified into a limb suitable for digging.This is an example of ____.  

A) convergent evolution
B) morphological divergence
C) analogous evolution
D) morphological convergence
E) distal modification

Question 7

Four of the following organisms belong in the same clade as members of class Reptilia.Which one does not?  

A) Turtle
B) Fish
C) Birds
D) Lizards
E) snakes

Question 8

Hox genes can be found in the following organisms except:  

A) fish.
B) mice.
C) humans.
D) Flies .
E) flowering plants.

Question 9

For the clade of winged organisms,which of the following would be considered the outgroup?  

A) Insect
B) Bat
C) Eagle
D) Penguin
E) Honeycreeper

Question 10

Which organisms are considered most primitive based upon the structure of their limbs?  

A) Bats
B) Reptiles
C) Porpoises
D) Penguins
E) Birds

Question 11

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same ____.  

A) reproductive isolation of these groups
B) environmental pressures
C) reduced genetic variability in these groups
D) identical genes in all three groups
E) genetic bottleneck

Question 12

A monophyletic group has how many common ancestors?  

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Many
E) It is variable

Question 13

Four of the statements are true of cladistics.Which statement is false?  

A) It involves making hypotheses about the evolutionary relationship between clades.
B) It is a precise science.
C) It can lead to the creation of a cladogram.
D) It may involve parsimony analysis.
E) It may use outgroups to "root" the tree.

Question 14

The number of neutral mutations that accumulated in the genomes of two lineages can be used as a ___________to estimate how long ago they diverged.  

A) mutation rate
B) molecular clock
C) phylogenetic tree
D) evolutionary ruler
E) radiometric measure

Question 15

The bones in the forelimbs of vertebrates ____.  

A) can often be traced to a common ancestor
B) offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution
C) perform the same function no matter which species they are in
D) may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb of another animal
E) show convergence with some invertebrate structures

Question 16

Changes in an organism's genome that have no effect on an individual's survival or reproduction are called ____.  

A) amino acid substitutions
B) deleterious mutations
C) Hox genes
D) neutral mutations
E) mitochondrial DNA

Question 17

Alligators and birds are thought to have more in common than lizards.In considering the clade that includes alligators and birds,which trait would be derived when comparing them to lizards?  

A) Body shape
B) Four limbs
C) Egg laying
D) Four-chambered heart
E) Bones

Question 18

The convergence in external morphology of sharks,penguins,and porpoises is attributed to  

A) reduced genetic variability in these groups.
B) selection pressures that are common to these groups.
C) reproductive isolation of these groups.
D) identical genes in all three groups.
E) use and disuse of the limbs.

Question 19

Using hair as the derived trait,four of the following organisms fit in the clade.Which one does not fit?  

A) Whale
B) Crocodile
C) Wolf
D) Elephant
E) Tiger

Question 20

Four of these characteristics describing a species play a role in phylogeny.Which one does not?  

A) Number of digits
B) DNA sequence for a gene
C) Amino acid sequence of an enzyme
D) Number of petals
E) Number of individuals

Question 21

__________ is the science of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades.

Question 22

Body appendages as diverse as crab legs,beetle legs,sea star arms,butterfly wings,fish fins,and mouse feet start out as ____.  

A) clusters of cells in the limb buds
B) cerebral cells
C) cardiac cells
D) offshoots of the sperm cell
E) offshoots of the egg

Question 23

A technique used to identify species by matching up sequence differences in a standard region of the genome is called  

A) mutation counting.
B) genome sequencing.
C) DNA barcoding.
D) nucleotide matching.
E) PCR

Question 24

Four of the following statements about the H5N1 virus are true.Which one is false?  

A) It is symptomless in pigs.
B) It has a high mortality rate in humans.
C) It cannot infect birds.
D) It moves poorly from human to human.
E) It can move between pigs.

Question 25

Cladistic analysis of populations of blue wildebeest in Africa has helped to show that habitat fragmentation has led to a loss of ____.  

A) evolution
B) alleles
C) genes
D) gene flow
E) mutations

Question 26

Hox genes regulate limb formation by ____.  

A) suppressing Dlx gene expression in areas where limbs should not grow
B) timing the activation of Dlx genes
C) causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene
D) converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion
E) inducing mutations in plants

Question 27

A clade is a __________ group that consists of an ancestor in which a derived character evolved,together with all of its descendant.

Question 28

Which gene mutation is least likely to impact the protein?  

A) A conservative substitution
B) A non-conservative substitution
C) An amino acid deletion
D) An amino acid insertion
E) All mutations will have the same impact.

Question 29

Phylogeny research is LEAST likely to include which type of analysis?  

A) Ggenetic
B) Anatomical
C) Behavioral
D) Physiological
E) Direct observation of evolution

Question 30

The comparison of embryos across species reveals the conservative nature of the genes responsible for ____.  

A) food procurement
B) reproductive behavior
C) embryonic development
D) embryonic size
E) embryonic intelligence

Question 31

Four of these statements are true about mitochondria.Which one is not true?  

A) They have DNA.
B) Their DNA can experience mutations.
C) In animals, the mitochondria come from the mother.
D) They undergo genetic recombination during fertilization.
E) Their DNA can be used as molecular clock.

Question 32

What is the origin of H5N1 virus?  

A) Birds
B) Dogs
C) Pigs
D) Humans
E) Cats

Question 33

The Dlx gene encodes a transcription factor that signals clusters of embryonic cells to ____ and gives rise to an appendage.  

A) fold into the cardiac muscle
B) protrude from the body
C) form reproductive structures
D) induce apoptosis in cells lining the appendages
E) develop into the immune system

Question 34

Four of the following statements about the Po'ouli are true.Which one is false?  

A) It is a honeycreeper.
B) It is probably extinct.
C) It is an outlying member of its group.
D) It is morphologically distinct from others in its group.
E) It is found in Fiji.

Question 35

Four of these statements about master genes are true.Which statement is not true?  

A) They orchestrate layers of development.
B) They are highly conserved over evolutionary time.
C) Mutations within these are frequently devastating.
D) They are highly variable in their sequences between species.
E) Mutations usually result in changes in body plan.

Question 36

The most complete listing of the organisms the H5N1 strain of influenza virus can infect is ____.  

A) humans
B) pigs
C) birds
D) humans and pigs
E) humans, pigs and birds

Question 37

The homeotic gene Hoxc6 is the vertebrate version of ____,which causes the formation of legs in fruit flies.  

A) Dlx
B) Thoracia
C) RHO
D) CCR5
E) antennapedia

Question 38

Similar body parts that reflect shared ancestry are called __________.

Question 39

Genomics studies have shown that humans and rice share about ____ percent of their genomes.  

A) 1
B) 4
C) 8
D) 15
E) 25

Question 40

Expression of the Hoxc6 gene causes ____.  

A) ribs to develop on a vertebra
B) the development of eyes
C) limb bud development
D) gill arches to close
E) the development of hair

Question 41

Mutations in genes that affect __________ may cause morphological shifts in a lineage.

Question 42

Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA at a predictable rate; like the ticks of a(n)__________,they can help researchers estimate how long ago two lineages diverged.

Question 43

In comparing a fairly conserved gene in humans,mice,lizards,and tuna,what can you say about their DNA sequences for the gene based on the cladogram provided?  

A) The mouse and lizard would have more similar DNA sequences than the mouse and human.
B) The human and lizard would have more similar DNA sequences than the human and mouse.
C) The mouse and human would share more DNA sequences than the mouse and tuna.
D) The tuna and lizard would share more DNA sequences than the human and lizard.
E) The tuna and lizard would share less DNA sequences than the human and mouse.

Question 44

Vertebrate forelimbs evolved through which mechanism?  

A) Morphological convergence
B) Divergent evolution
C) Analogous evolution
D) Homologous evolution
E) Structural adaptation

Question 45

__________ structures are body parts that look alike in different lineages but did not evolve in a common ancestor.

Question 46

What type of genetic material did scientists use to track gene flow in a current population of wildebeest?  

A) Chromosomal DNA
B) Mitochondrial DNA
C) Y-chromosomal analysis
D) Ribosomal RNA
E) Messenger RNA