Question 1

Cladistic analysis of populations of blue wildebeest in Africa has helped to show that habitat fragmentation has led to a loss of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution 
B)  alleles 
C)  genes 
D)  gene flow 
E)  mutations 
A)  evolution 
B)  alleles 
C)  genes 
D)  gene flow 
E)  mutations D

Question 2

The bones in the forelimbs of vertebrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  can often be traced to a common ancestor 
B)  offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution 
C)  perform the same function no matter which species they are in 
D)  may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb of another animal 
E)  show convergence with some invertebrate structures 
A)  can often be traced to a common ancestor 
B)  offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution 
C)  perform the same function no matter which species they are in 
D)  may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb of another animal 
E)  show convergence with some invertebrate structures A

Question 3

Vertebrate forelimbs evolved through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphological convergence 
B)  Divergent evolution 
C)  Analogous evolution 
D)  Homologous evolution 
E)  Structural adaptation 
A)  Morphological convergence 
B)  Divergent evolution 
C)  Analogous evolution 
D)  Homologous evolution 
E)  Structural adaptation B

Question 4

Which group is the sister group to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earthworm 
B)  Lizard 
C)  Tuna 
D)  Mouse 
E)  Duck 
A)  Earthworm 
B)  Lizard 
C)  Tuna 
D)  Mouse 
E)  Duck

Question 5

____ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryology 
B)  Molecular archeology 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Comparative morphology 
E)  Composition 
A)  Embryology 
B)  Molecular archeology 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Comparative morphology 
E)  Composition

Question 6

__________ structures are body parts that look alike in different lineages but did not evolve in a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ structures are body parts that look...

Question 7

What are the characteristics of two species with a distant evolutionary relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Few similarities between their proteins 
B)  Almost similar protein sequences 
C)  Almost opposite protein sequences 
D)  No similarities in their protein sequences. 
E)  Missing amino acids in their sequences 
A)  Few similarities between their proteins 
B)  Almost similar protein sequences 
C)  Almost opposite protein sequences 
D)  No similarities in their protein sequences. 
E)  Missing amino acids in their sequences

Question 8

__________ is the science of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the science of making hypotheses...

Question 9

Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA at a predictable rate; like the ticks of a(n)__________,they can help researchers estimate how long ago two lineages diverged.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA...

Question 10

Mutations in genes that affect __________ may cause morphological shifts in a lineage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutations in genes that affect __________ may...

Question 11

Four of the following statements about the Po'ouli are true.Which one is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a honeycreeper. 
B)  It is probably extinct. 
C)  It is an outlying member of its group. 
D)  It is morphologically distinct from others in its group. 
E)  It is found in Fiji. 
A)  It is a honeycreeper. 
B)  It is probably extinct. 
C)  It is an outlying member of its group. 
D)  It is morphologically distinct from others in its group. 
E)  It is found in Fiji.

Question 12

For the clade of winged organisms,which of the following would be considered the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insect 
B)  Bat 
C)  Eagle 
D)  Penguin 
E)  Honeycreeper 
A)  Insect 
B)  Bat 
C)  Eagle 
D)  Penguin 
E)  Honeycreeper

Question 13

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles was modified into a limb suitable for digging.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution 
B)  morphological divergence 
C)  analogous evolution 
D)  morphological convergence 
E)  distal modification 
A)  convergent evolution 
B)  morphological divergence 
C)  analogous evolution 
D)  morphological convergence 
E)  distal modification

Question 14

Alligators and birds are thought to have more in common than lizards.In considering the clade that includes alligators and birds,which trait would be derived when comparing them to lizards?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body shape 
B)  Four limbs 
C)  Egg laying 
D)  Four-chambered heart 
E)  Bones 
A)  Body shape 
B)  Four limbs 
C)  Egg laying 
D)  Four-chambered heart 
E)  Bones

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whale flipper and cat leg 
B)  Human eye and octopus eye 
C)  Bird and insect wings 
D)  Body shape of sharks and dolphins 
E)  Penguin wing and fish fin 
A)  Whale flipper and cat leg 
B)  Human eye and octopus eye 
C)  Bird and insect wings 
D)  Body shape of sharks and dolphins 
E)  Penguin wing and fish fin

Question 16

Hox genes regulate limb formation by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressing Dlx gene expression in areas where limbs should not grow 
B)  timing the activation of Dlx genes 
C)  causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene 
D)  converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion 
E)  inducing mutations in plants 
A)  suppressing Dlx gene expression in areas where limbs should not grow 
B)  timing the activation of Dlx genes 
C)  causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene 
D)  converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion 
E)  inducing mutations in plants

Question 17

Which of the following have features that show morphological convergence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sharks, penguins, and porpoises 
B)  Panthers and tigers 
C)  Apes and monkeys 
D)  Sharks, skates, and rays 
E)  Mice, rats, and gerbils 
A)  Sharks, penguins, and porpoises 
B)  Panthers and tigers 
C)  Apes and monkeys 
D)  Sharks, skates, and rays 
E)  Mice, rats, and gerbils

Question 18

Four of the statements are true of cladistics.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves making hypotheses about the evolutionary relationship between clades. 
B)  It is a precise science. 
C)  It can lead to the creation of a cladogram. 
D)  It may involve parsimony analysis. 
E)  It may use outgroups to "root" the tree. 
A)  It involves making hypotheses about the evolutionary relationship between clades. 
B)  It is a precise science. 
C)  It can lead to the creation of a cladogram. 
D)  It may involve parsimony analysis. 
E)  It may use outgroups to "root" the tree.

Question 19

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive isolation of these groups 
B)  environmental pressures 
C)  reduced genetic variability in these groups 
D)  identical genes in all three groups 
E)  genetic bottleneck 
A)  reproductive isolation of these groups 
B)  environmental pressures 
C)  reduced genetic variability in these groups 
D)  identical genes in all three groups 
E)  genetic bottleneck

Question 20

The most complete listing of the organisms the H5N1 strain of influenza virus can infect is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans 
B)  pigs 
C)  birds 
D)  humans and pigs 
E)  humans, pigs and birds 
A)  humans 
B)  pigs 
C)  birds 
D)  humans and pigs 
E)  humans, pigs and birds

Exam 18: Organizing Information about Species

Cladistic analysis of populations of blue wildebeest in Africa has helped to show that habitat fragmentation has led to a loss of ____.

The bones in the forelimbs of vertebrates ____.

Vertebrate forelimbs evolved through which mechanism?

Which group is the sister group to humans?

____ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

__________ structures are body parts that look alike in different lineages but did not evolve in a common ancestor.

What are the characteristics of two species with a distant evolutionary relationship?

__________ is the science of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades.

Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA at a predictable rate; like the ticks of a(n)__________,they can help researchers estimate how long ago two lineages diverged.

Mutations in genes that affect __________ may cause morphological shifts in a lineage.

Four of the following statements about the Po'ouli are true.Which one is false?

For the clade of winged organisms,which of the following would be considered the outgroup?

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles was modified into a limb suitable for digging.This is an example of ____.

Alligators and birds are thought to have more in common than lizards.In considering the clade that includes alligators and birds,which trait would be derived when comparing them to lizards?

Which of the following are examples of homologous structures?

Hox genes regulate limb formation by ____.

Which of the following have features that show morphological convergence?

Four of the statements are true of cladistics.Which statement is false?

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same ____.

The most complete listing of the organisms the H5N1 strain of influenza virus can infect is ____.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters