Deck 8: Training Human Resources

Question 1

Attitude survey data are typically used in _____ analysis of training needs.

A) individual
B) organizational
C) task
D) job

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____ is defined as a step-by-step process to ensure that the right learning materials are provided to the right people at the right time.

A) Instructional systems design
B) Organizational design
C) Blended learning
D) Cross-training

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Mybody Fit, a fitness center, is planning to invest in specialized exercise equipment. The equipment is highly effective, but it is also dangerous if not used properly. The fitness center sends its team of instructors to a certified training program to learn how to handle the equipment. The type of training described in the scenario is _____.

A) soft skills training
B) job and technical training
C) problem-solving training
D) interpersonal training

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Jeanne, a 54-year-old woman, worked as a medical research librarian for 10 years before quitting in her late forties. She later applies for an open position at the same library but is concerned about the major technological changes that have occurred over the past few years. She also feels intimidated by computers and believes that she will not be able to learn how to use a computer at her age. However, when she confides her misgivings about computer technology to the recruiter, the recruiter replies that Jeanne is highly qualified for the position and will eventually master the use of computers. In this scenario, which of the following is the most likely barrier to Jeanne learning the job tasks?

A) Jeanne's inability to learn how to use the library's computer system even with training
B) Jeanne's failure to see the benefits of learning how to use the library's computer system
C) Jeanne's low motivation level as she wants to pursue a new career
D) Jeanne's low sense of self-efficacy regarding the use of computer technology

Question 5

Organizations must continually train their employees because:

A) employees' productivity decreases with time.
B) the legislation on providing ethnocentric training to workers has become stringent.
C) the importance of satisfying certification requirements has increased.
D) organizational training has a positive relationship with employee turnover rates.

Question 6

Active practice occurs when:

A) trainees perform job-related tasks and duties during training.
B) off-the-job training is provided to new employees at a job.
C) trainees are shown how to actively multitask.
D) e-learning tools are used to deliver training.

Question 7

The production team at Tessing Inc. performed poorly in the first fiscal quarter of 2018 because of internal politics and lack of cooperation among the team members. As a result, the company requested all the members of the production team to attend a training program on conflict management. In this scenario, the type of training program offered by Tessing Inc. to its production team can be classified as _____.

A) soft skills training
B) legally required training
C) job and technical training
D) basic and remedial skills training

Question 8

The loan review department of a major regional bank has an exceptionally high turnover of both administrative assistants and analysts. Several analysts have quit within six months of taking the job. As a result, the management of the bank decides to conduct attitude surveys, review customer complaints, and conduct exit interviews to assess the training needs of this department. In this scenario, the management is most likely conducting a(n) _____ analysis to determine training needs.

A) job/task
B) organizational
C) individual
D) productivity

Question 9

In the context of training categories, which of the following is an example of soft skills training?

A) Training on harassment prevention
B) Training on the English language and grammar
C) Training on product details
D) Training on interpersonal communication

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of investments in training?

A) Instructors, both full-time staff members and individuals hired on a contract basis, typically represent the biggest cost of training.
B) The average training investment per employee in the manufacturing industry is greater than the average training investment per employee in the information and software industry.
C) More than half of the training cost in companies is spent on external training efforts.
D) Companies with more than 500 employees invest more in training per employee than do smaller companies.

Question 11

Organizations in many industries create value by using the organizations' intellectual capital. This is called _____.

A) quality management
B) knowledge management
C) technology management
D) creativity management

Question 12

The planned introduction of new employees to their jobs, coworkers, and the organization is referred to as _____.

A) orientation
B) broadbanding
C) socialization
D) delayering

Question 13

The most common approach for conducting individual analysis is to _____.

A) analyze organizational outcomes
B) use data from attitude surveys
C) use performance appraisal data
D) review the jobs involved

Question 14

_____ provides employees with specific, identifiable knowledge and skills for use in their present jobs.

A) Pre-screening
B) Recruiting
C) Networking
D) Training

Question 15

Henry, a trainer at MyChem Inc., schedules training on handling hazardous chemicals for a group of newly hired employees. The training complies with OSHA regulations and is given to all employees upon hire along with periodic refreshers. The type of training described in this scenario is _____.

A) interpersonal training
B) legally required training
C) emergency training
D) problem-solving training

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of training?

A) It is illegal to ask part-time employees to receive work-related training after work.
B) Nonexempt employees who are training outside normal working hours must be compensated for their time.
C) Employees are exempted from signing training contracts with employers.
D) An employer is required to pay part-time employees only for the training they receive at a work location or a training facility and not for the training they receive through web-based classes.

Question 17

A(n) _____ is defined as a work environment that encourages employees to share their individual knowledge, skills, and experiences with their coworkers.

A) education system
B) learning culture
C) xenophobic environment
D) ethnocentric culture

Question 18

Once training requirements have been identified using needs analyses, training objectives and priorities can be established by conducting _____.

A) orientation programs
B) exit interviews
C) a SWOT analysis
D) a gap analysis

Question 19

Training programs can be a strategic investment for an organization when:

A) they align with the organization's goals and produce positive results.
B) employees are interested and engaged in the training program.
C) training costs do not exceed the organization's planned budget.
D) they are organized by the junior-level employees of the organization.

Question 20

In the context of training, self-efficacy refers to:

A) a person's desire to learn the training program content independently.
B) a trainer's belief that learners possess the basic skills required to learn new tasks.
C) an instructor's ability to transfer his or her knowledge to learners.
D) a person's belief that he or she can successfully learn the training program content.

Question 21

One way to aid the transfer of training to job situations is to ensure that:

A) the training avoids repeated practice, which may lead to overlearning.
B) trainees are not troubled with follow-up exercises.
C) trainers focus primarily on informal training.
D) the training mirrors the job context as much as possible.

Question 22

The most common method of delivering training at all levels in an organization is _____.

A) on-the-job training
B) cross-training
C) web-based training
D) informal training

Question 23

Unions view cross-training unfavorably because it:

A) threatens job jurisdiction.
B) eliminates the supervisory tasks associated with part-time employees' jobs.
C) reduces effective wages per hour.
D) minimizes the job duties of employees.

Question 24

For employers, an advantage of cross-training employees is that:

A) it motivates employees because of reduced job duties.
B) it reduces the attrition rate in an organization.
C) it offers better union relations.
D) it offers more flexibility in assigning workers to tasks.

Question 25

Which of the following is a disadvantage of on-the-job training (OJT)?

A) It may facilitate the transfer of incorrect information from supervisors to trainees.
B) It is the least flexible training method among all the methods of employee training.
C) It is more expensive than classroom training.
D) It may not be relevant to employees' work.

Question 26

Molly, a Customer Service Representative for an insurance company, was rude to one of her customers. The customer immediately contacted Molly's supervisor and lodged a complaint against Molly. Molly's supervisor then reprimanded her and recorded the incident in her file. Molly has made a conscious effort ever since not to repeat the same mistake. Which of the following instructional strategies is illustrated in this scenario?

A) Reinforcement
B) Passive learning
C) Overlearning
D) Behavioral modeling

Question 27

Despite having mastered the skills and processes related to their day-to-day jobs, the firefighters of the Lake Hogan Fire Department train constantly to increase their muscle memory and to keep their skills honed so that they can respond quickly in emergency situations. This best exemplifies _____.

A) behavioral modeling
B) overlearning
C) immediate confirmation
D) passive learning

Question 28

A company is most likely to outsource training when:

A) there is a need to teach employees while they are performing live tasks.
B) the company emphasizes informal training.
C) the company has sufficient time to develop internal training materials.
D) there is a preference for new ideas and thinking.

Question 29

_____ is an instructional strategy that involves copying someone else's behavior.

A) Behavioral modification
B) Behavioral modeling
C) Cognitive practice
D) Positive reinforcement

Question 30

A group of supervisors from an oil corporation in the United States attend a class every Thursday afternoon to learn Spanish. The supervisors learn by repeating Spanish words and phrases while the instructor corrects their pronunciation. After each correction, the supervisors repeat the word or phrase with the correct pronunciation before focusing on the next word. In the context of instructional strategies, this scenario is most likely an example of _____.

A) blended learning
B) overlearning
C) immediate confirmation
D) after-action review

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of internships?

A) They are an expensive source of labor for employers.
B) They are exclusively government-sponsored job training programs.
C) They usually combine job training and classroom instruction.
D) They typically benefit the employer but not the intern.

Question 32

Which of the following best exemplifies cooperative training?

A) A medical school using simulations where the students can perform operations without harming real patients
B) An e-learning program on corporate leadership in which trainees interact with the trainer and other trainees through a blog
C) A training program in an IT firm wherein employees learn exclusively through informal interactions with their peers
D) A community college program on solar panel installation partnering with a solar panel installation company that provides internships

Question 33

Soltura Products Inc. has a training program for its customer service representatives that tests trainees' abilities to interact with customers through role-playing exercises. Every time a trainee enacts a situation, he or she receives instantaneous feedback about the task and a specific type of reinforcement to either encourage or criticize their responses during the enactment. In the context of instructional strategies, this is most likely an example of _____.

A) behavior modeling
B) overlearning
C) immediate confirmation
D) active practice

Question 34

Which of the following is a feature of on-the-job training (OJT)?

A) It is the least common method of training delivery.
B) It is flexible and relevant to what employees do.
C) It is more expensive than classroom training.
D) It is spontaneous and need not be planned.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true about e-learning?

A) It is not suitable for the delivery of brief training sessions.
B) It is not flexible enough to be used for off-the-job training.
C) It provides better access to more employees than does conventional training.
D) It is relatively more expensive per trainee than conventional training methods.

Question 36

At Plantsman's Eden Nursery, new workers are trained in the proper techniques of planting rooted cuttings. As part of the training, after being given basic instructions regarding planting, each worker is given 10 seedlings to plant. Their planting techniques are then evaluated by the trainer. In the context of instructional strategies, this scenario best exemplifies _____.

A) active practice
B) behavior modeling
C) cross-training
D) conference training

Question 37

Cross-training occurs:

A) when people are trained to do more than one job.
B) when the training takes place outside the employing organization.
C) when e-learning is used as the primary mode for delivering the content of a training program.
D) when employers need to enhance the effectiveness of training by reducing employees' job duties.

Question 38

Which of the following is true about on-the-job training (OJT)?

A) It can disrupt regular work in an organization.
B) It is the least flexible of all the available training methods.
C) It is more expensive than classroom training.
D) It is a type of informal training and occurs spontaneously.

Question 39

Dr. Smith, a veterinarian, has hired Carlos as an assistant. On Carlos's first day at work, when the first client comes in with her sick cat, Dr. Smith shows Carlos the technique of holding a cat for its vaccination. First, Dr. Smith describes the technique, and then she demonstrates the process of vaccination. Later, when another client comes in with his cat, Dr. Smith asks Carlos to hold the cat and corrects his mistakes. This is an example of _____.

A) cross-training
B) e-learning
C) simulation-based learning
D) on-the-job training

Question 40

Cole, the Director of Training for a manufacturer of heavy equipment, designed a training program for the newly hired sales representatives of the company. As part of the training, the sales representatives were required to perform job duties and job-related tasks. This involved memorizing and recalling details from the company catalog regarding the types of equipment, their functions, their appropriate and inappropriate uses, pricing, and financing packages. In this scenario, Cole most likely incorporated _____ in his training program.

A) active practice
B) soft skills training
C) legally required training
D) passive listening

Question 41

In the context of training needs assessment, the most common approach for conducting individual analysis involves using performance appraisal data.

Question 42

An effective way to determine if a change in performance resulted from training or from other factors is to use a control group combined with _____.

A) pre- and post-measures
B) a comparison of the costs and benefits associated with the training
C) benchmarking
D) a calculation of the return on investment from the training

Question 43

A problem with the pre-/post-measure of training evaluation is _____.

A) the difficulty of constructing a good test
B) the difficulty of determining whether employees were randomly assigned to the control group
C) determining the level of trainee competence at only one point in time
D) determining if the training was responsible for any changes in performance

Question 44

Andrew is enrolled in a university course on project management. His class meets at the local community college, and the instructors present their lectures from universities in other cities using an interactive two-way television. This scenario best exemplifies _____.

A) simulation training
B) distance learning
C) cross-training
D) cooperative education

Question 45

Orientation is the planned introduction of new employees to their jobs, coworkers, and the organization.

Question 46

An artificial surgical environment in which a surgeon could practice a new type of operation without harming a human being or sacrificing a laboratory animal would be called _____.

A) a simulation
B) blended learning
C) cross-training
D) a massive open online course

Question 47

In her evaluation sheet, Theresa, a soft skills trainer at Wren's Academy, receives high ratings in the areas of class enjoyability and trainee willingness to take the program again. This evaluation best exemplifies a _____ measure of training evaluation.

A) reaction-level
B) learning-level
C) behavior-level
D) results-level

Question 48

A learning culture can be created in organizations by involving middle managers in the development and implementation of practices that promote such a culture.

Question 49

A gap analysis indicates the distance between where an organization is with its employee capabilities and where it needs to be.

Question 50

To qualify as a tax preparer for a seasonal job at a tax preparation company, Martin must answer questions on tax terminology covered in the web-based training course provided by the company. This evaluation best exemplifies a _____ measure of training evaluation.

A) results-level
B) learning-level
C) reaction-level
D) survey-level

Question 51

Organizations that require employees to sign training contracts to protect the costs and time invested in specialized employee training violate equal employment opportunity (EEO) laws.

Question 52

When using _____ to evaluate training, HR professionals gather data on training in their organization and compare them with data on training at other organizations of similar size in their industry.

A) the results approach
B) benchmarking
C) cost-benefit analysis
D) the return-on-investment analysis approach

Question 53

Soft skills are critical in many instances in a business environment and can be taught.

Question 54

GetHelp Inc., a business processing company, trains all of its employees in handling customer calls. After the completion of the training, the company monitors the phone calls of the employees to determine the effect of the training. This evaluation best exemplifies a _____ measure of training evaluation.

A) reaction-level
B) learning-level
C) survey-level
D) behavior-level

Question 55

Assessing organizational training needs is the diagnostic phase of a training plan.

Question 56

Divya, the Director of Training at Q Make Inc., must demonstrate to the top management the financial benefits the company has realized from the expenditures on the mechanics training program. In this case, she should:

A) prepare a return-on-investment analysis.
B) calculate the net gain of the company.
C) prepare an actual versus proposed budget comparison.
D) evaluate the training program using the reaction-level measure of evaluation.

Question 57

Training plans allow organizations to identify what is needed for employee performance before training begins.

Question 58

Companies with fewer than 500 employees invest more per employee in training than do larger companies.

Question 59

Treating training strategically can help strengthen the belief of managers that training alone can solve most employee and organizational problems.

Question 60

A learning approach that combines short, fast-paced, interactive computer-based lessons and teleconferencing with traditional classroom instruction and simulation is called _____.

A) job shadowing
B) associative learning
C) blended learning
D) cross-training

Question 61

On-the-job training can amount to no training if the trainers simply allow the trainees to learn the job on their own.

Question 62

Unlike traditional training methods, e-learning is limited in terms of accessibility.

Question 63

Combining pre-/post-measures with a control group is an effective training evaluation design.

Question 64

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are the latest version of online learning platforms.

Question 65

The concept of reinforcement is based on the law of effect, which states that people tend to repeat responses that give them a positive reward and to avoid actions associated with negative consequences.

Question 66

Cross-training provides employers with flexibility in assigning workers to tasks and can ensure uninterrupted production.

Question 67

Simulations seek to reproduce parts of the real world so they can be experienced and manipulated and learning can occur.

Question 68

Behavioral modeling is ineffective for training supervisors and managers in interpersonal skills.

Question 69

Cassie is a new usher at a performing arts center. She is paired with Joseph, an experienced usher, for her first show. Cassie observes Joseph during the show and replicates his behavior to handle the guests assigned to her. This scenario illustrates behavioral modeling.

Question 70

If trainees provide a high rating to their trainer for his or her presentation skills, then it can be concluded that the training has succeeded at the behavioral level.

Question 71

A year after an equine safety program was conducted in a riding stable, the learners still remembered that they must always cross-tie the horses while they groom and saddle them. From the given data, it can be concluded that the content of the training was successfully transferred to the learners.

Question 72

Carlene, an Analyst at Myelp Inc., is concerned about her poor productivity scores. She believes that attending a training session on time management can help her improve her performance. This suggests that Carlene has low self-efficacy.

Question 73

Unlike the use of e-learning as the sole method of training, blended learning provides greater flexibility with multiple training methods and can deliver superior training outcomes.

Question 74

Active practice occurs when trainees perform job-related tasks and duties during training.

Question 75

Evaluating training at the behavioral level means measuring the effect of training on job performance through observing workers on the job.

Question 76

In contrast with informal training, which should be planned, on-the-job training should occur spontaneously.

Question 77

Like apprenticeships, internships are a type of cooperative training.

Question 78

In the context of the strategies used for training, immediate confirmation corrects errors that, if made and not corrected throughout the training, might establish an undesirable pattern that would need to be unlearned.

Question 79

Including dialogue, collaboration, and live interaction in e-learning courses can divert students' attention and negatively affect their learning experience.

Question 80

On-the-job training is rigid and mostly irrelevant to what employees do.