Deck 5: Measurement: Research Using Numbers

Question 1

Valid measures should show everything EXCEPT ______.

A) a close relationship to similar measures
B) no relationship to dissimilar measures
C) precise wording
D) inaccurate information

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Likert-format questions use a scale anchored by ______.

A) words with opposite meanings
B) "strongly agree" and "strongly disagree"
C) 0 and 10
D) "yes" and "no"

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Reification means that a concept or abstraction is ______.

A) simplified
B) quantified
C) treated as a real thing
D) reliable

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A Likert scale is an example of what kind of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 5

Which of the following is a measure of validity?

A) established measures
B) split half
C) inter-item
D) content

Question 6

Ratio scales have values that ______.

A) can be computed and a true zero
B) can be computed and no true zero
C) cannot be computed and no true zero
D) cannot be computed and a true zero

Question 7

The acronym "NOIR" stands for ______.

A) nominative - ordinal - interval - ratio
B) nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio
C) nominal - ordinal - intervening - ratio
D) nominative - ordinal - interval - rational

Question 8

Semantic differential-format questions use a scale anchored by ______.

A) words with opposite meanings
B) "strongly agree" and "strongly disagree"
C) 0 and 10
D) "yes" and "no"

Question 9

Rank order questions are an example of ______ measurement.

A) nominal
B) phenomenal
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 10

A course in communication ethics is essential to my career. Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
The above is an example of a ______.

A) semantic differential scale
B) polynomial scale
C) nominal scale
D) Likert-type scale

Question 11

"Freshman, sophomore, junior, senior" is an example of what level of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 12

Proprietary measurement instruments are instruments that ______.

A) may be used without permission
B) have been copyrighted
C) are not useful for research
D) are not owned by others

Question 13

"Press, radio, television" is an example of what level of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 14

Which of the following is a type of reliability?

A) inter-item
B) construct
C) convergent
D) divergent
E) predictive

Question 15

Correlation scores range between ______.

A) 0 and 1
B) 0 and 10
D) 1 and 10
E) 1 and 100

Question 16

The established measures technique is a measure of validity.

Question 17

The basic characteristic of interval measures is the assumption of ______.

A) varying intervals between points on a scale
B) equal intervals between points on a scale
C) true zero that captures the absence of an attribute
D) labeling and classification

Question 18

The leadership in my organization is ______. Powerful - - - Weak
The above is an example of a ______.

A) Likert-type scale
B) semantic differential scale
C) polynomial scale
D) nominal scale

Question 19

The secret to high intercoder or observer reliability is(are) ______.

A) thorough using surveys only
B) clear definitions and classifications of observed behaviors
C) random selection of observers
D) using qualitative interviews

Question 20

Parallel forms, split half, and item-total are all ______.

A) types of experimental design
B) principles of visual composition
C) tests for validity
D) tests for reliability

Question 21

A split-half technique involves comparing results from your measurement to the results from a measurement that has already been used and tested.

Question 22

Likert-format questions use a scale anchored by words with opposite meanings.

Question 23

Interval measures assume an equal distance between points on a scale.

Question 24

The word number refers to figures that are labels and cannot be computed.

Question 25

"Construct," "convergent," "divergent," and "predictive" are all types of reliability measures.

Question 26

"Established measures," "split half," and "inter-item" are all types of validity measures.

Question 27

"Numeral" refers to figures that are a basis of measurement and can be computed.

Question 28

Interval and ratio data are considered continuous variables.

Question 29

The only numbers researchers can get from nominal variables are counts or percentages.

Question 30

Numbers and numerals are different things.

Question 31

If your results are reliable, it means they must be accurate or true.

Question 32

In test-retest, a test is given to a group of people and then repeated, with the same people, a week or two later.

Question 33

Inter-item reliability checks that individual questions in a set are measuring the same concept.

Question 34

Semantic differential-format questions use a scale anchored by "strongly agree" and "strongly disagree."

Question 35

Nominal and ordinal data are considered discrete variables.

Question 36

Ratio scales measure from a "true" zero point.

Question 37

NOIR in research stands for Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.

Question 38

Intercoder reliability attempts to show that a measure of communication will produce the same results at two different times if everything else is the same.

Question 39

If your results are reliable, it means other researchers doing your study should get basically the same results each time.

Question 40

Likert and semantic differential questions have the same format.

Question 41

What does zero mean in ratio-level measurement?

Question 42

Expert validity and face validity are roughly the same.

Question 43

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Likert-type scales as a way of measuring human communication.

Question 44

An ideal study has strong validity and reliability.

Question 45

How would you explain the concept of measurement to someone not in this class?

Question 46

If a measure has "face validity," it means the questions appear to measure what they're supposed to measure.

Question 47

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using semantic differential scales as a way of measuring human communication.

Question 48

Discuss whether measurement scales can or cannot successfully capture such concepts as intelligence, patriotism, love, or friendship. Support your reasoning with examples wherever possible.

Question 49

What is inter-item or internal reliability and why does it matter for our measurement?

Question 50

Write one example each of a nominal, interval, and ratio variable.

Question 51

The semantic differential scale uses a scale anchored by words with opposite meanings.

Question 52

How close can a measure ever come to capturing what it is supposed to capture? Discuss, with examples to support your discussion.

Question 53

A Likert scale may have response options of "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree."

Question 54

Write a brief explanation of reliability and validity to demonstrate that you understand the difference between the two.

Question 55

A 100% reliable instrument that measures the wrong thing can still be useful.

Question 56

Construct validity predicts "real-world" outcomes.

Question 57

Which of reliability or validity do you consider to be the most important in a measure? Explain why.

Question 58

Briefly explain why we care about the type of category our data collection falls into?