Deck 11: the Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Question 1

To what extent were climate and disease key factors in producing economic and social changes?

Answer 1

Not answer

Question 2

What were the greatest consequences of the Black Death, beyond the obvious death tolls?

Answer 2

Not answer

Question 3

Trace the events of the papacy's decline during the fourteenth century.

Answer 3

Not answer

Question 4

IDENTIFICATIONS
Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron

Question 5

IDENTIFICATIONS
pneumonic plague

Question 6

IDENTIFICATIONS
pogroms

Question 7

How did the adversities of the fourteenth century affect urban life and medical practices at the time?

Question 8

Discuss the causes and consequences of the failure of Germany and Italy to develop strong centralized governments.

Question 9

IDENTIFICATIONS
flagellants

Question 10

What changes occurred in the political life of Italy during the fourteenth century?

Question 11

IDENTIFICATIONS
bubonic plague

Question 12

IDENTIFICATIONS
Black Death

Question 13

What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this great political and religious conflict?

Question 14

Compare the Jacquerie to the English Peasant Revolt.

Question 15

IDENTIFICATIONS
"little ice age"

Question 16

Compare Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Chaucer, and Christine de Pizan.

Question 17

IDENTIFICATIONS
Yersinia pestis

Question 18

What major problems did European states face in the fourteenth century? How are these problems evident in the history of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire?

Question 19

Evaluate the deep social, military, economic, and political consequences of the introduction and use of cannons and gunpowder.

Question 20

Discuss the factors that led to the urban and rural revolts in the fourteenth century. Was desperate poverty a chief cause? Why or why not?

Question 21

IDENTIFICATIONS
the longbow

Question 22

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Battle of Crecy

Question 23

IDENTIFICATIONS
Council of Ten and the doge

Question 24

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Visconti and the d'Este

Question 25

IDENTIFICATIONS
Orleans

Question 26

IDENTIFICATIONS
Wat Tyler and John Ball

Question 27

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Battle of Agincourt

Question 28

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Jacquerie

Question 29

IDENTIFICATIONS
Italian communes

Question 30

IDENTIFICATIONS
Charles the dauphin/VII

Question 31

IDENTIFICATIONS
condottieri

Question 32

IDENTIFICATIONS
Joan of Arc

Question 33

IDENTIFICATIONS
Florence's ciompi

Question 34

IDENTIFICATIONS
Golden Bull of Charles IV

Question 35

IDENTIFICATIONS
Henry V

Question 36

IDENTIFICATIONS
gunpowder

Question 37

IDENTIFICATIONS
dukes of Burgundy and Orleans

Question 38

IDENTIFICATIONS
Statute of Laborers

Question 39

IDENTIFICATIONS
the gabelle and the taille

Question 40

IDENTIFICATIONS
grandi and popolo grasso and popolo minuto

Question 41

IDENTIFICATIONS
Council of Constance

Question 42

IDENTIFICATIONS
Giotto

Question 43

IDENTIFICATIONS
Christine de Pizan

Question 44

IDENTIFICATIONS
Brothers of the Common Life

Question 45

IDENTIFICATIONS
Dante's Divine Comedy

Question 46

IDENTIFICATIONS
Great Schism

Question 47

IDENTIFICATIONS
good deeds and pilgrimages

Question 48

IDENTIFICATIONS
Pope Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam

Question 49

IDENTIFICATIONS
Meister Eckhart

Question 50

IDENTIFICATIONS
Modern Devotion

Question 51

IDENTIFICATIONS
William of Occam and nominalism

Question 52

IDENTIFICATIONS
the vernacular

Question 53

IDENTIFICATIONS
purgatory

Question 54

IDENTIFICATIONS
Petrarch's sonnets

Question 55

IDENTIFICATIONS
Conciliarism

Question 56

IDENTIFICATIONS
Catherine of Siena

Question 57

IDENTIFICATIONS
Avignon

Question 58

IDENTIFICATIONS
Marsiglio of Padua

Question 59

IDENTIFICATIONS
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

Question 60

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Antichrist

Question 61

The flagellants

A) were praised by the Catholic church for their miraculous deeds.
B) were groups that physically punished themselves to win the forgiveness of God.
C) were a new phenomenon that arose in response to the Black Death.
D) would remain a popular religious movement throughout the fourteenth century.
E) were only to be found in isolated rural areas.

Question 62

All of the following were reactions to the great plague except

A) an increase in violence and murder due to a sense of life's cheapness.
B) the formation of groups like the flagellants, who physically maimed themselves to save the world.
C) a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God.
D) morbidity and preoccupation with death in everyday life.
E) economic depression.

Question 63

The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381

A) was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people.
B) was brutally crushed by the nobles.
C) succeeded in getting the government to agree to the peasants' demands.
D) gained long-term results for the peasants.
E) led to the end of the Hundred Years' War.

Question 64

IDENTIFICATIONS
the "four humors"

Question 65

The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by

A) drafting the rebels into the army.
B) standing back and letting it run its course.
C) negotiating a settlement with its leaders.
D) massacring the participants.
E) renouncing their historic privileges.

Question 66

Among the adverse economic and population changes in fourteenth-century Europe were

A) shrinking peasant land holdings below the size needed to support a family.
B) an exodus of residents from overpopulated rural areas.
C) rapidly rising numbers of poor people in cities.
D) a and c
E) all the above

Question 67

What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?

A) a blight that struck the wheat crop
B) a lack of knowledge of scientific agriculture
C) droughts throughout most of Europe
D) a little ice age inducing bad weather with heavy rains
E) urban pollution that spread into nearby farming regions.

Question 68

The persecutions against Jews during the Black Death

A) were instigated at the calling of the Catholic church.
B) led to the execution of nearly all of the Jews in eastern Europe.
C) was the result of the decline in popular religious movements and manifestations.
D) had little to do with financial motives.
E) reached their worst excesses in German cities.

Question 69

Post-plague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in Europe

A) improved noticeably as Christians sought to make peace with one another to please an angry God.
B) quickly resumed their pre-plague character.
C) suffered as richer nobles rebuffed the sincere efforts of peasants to maintain the manorial system.
D) improved radically as the economy entered into a period of sustained prosperity.
E) got much worse as materially threatened nobles began to regard wealthier peasants and their new-found desires for meat and wine with utter contempt.

Question 70

IDENTIFICATIONS
Francisco Traini's The Triumph of Death

Question 71

The bubonic plague originated in

A) Africa.
B) Syria.
C) Italy.
D) the Azores.
E) Asia.

Question 72

The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by

A) seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers.
B) producing only the most basic foodstuffs, such as grain.
C) petitioning kings to order the relocation of laborers.
D) forming agricultural cooperatives linking landowners, laborers, and city consumers.
E) investing in trade and commerce rather than agricultural production.

Question 73

IDENTIFICATIONS
clocks, eyeglasses, and paper

Question 74

The devastation of the great plague in the fourteenth century led to

A) the perception of life as something cheap and passing.
B) a decrease in crime due to an increase in religious piety.
C) an increase in the number of clergy.
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 75

One major issue behind the Hundred Years' War was a claim to the French throne by the English king

A) John II.
B) Edward II.
C) Edward III.
D) William the Conqueror
E) Henry I.

Question 76

Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century

A) devastated peasants but not nobles.
B) brought an economic boom to landlords.
C) caused only minor changes in agricultural practices.
D) raised wages because of a scarcity of labor.
E) had little impact.

Question 77

Merchants and manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the fourteenth century by

A) increasing their prices.
B) restricting competition and resisting the demands of the lower classes.
C) blaming the Jews and persecuting them.
D) pressuring the government to raise the prices of their products.
E) adopting laissez-faire policies.

Question 78

A key economic consequence of the plague was

A) the rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry.
B) a decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs.
C) the more frequent bankruptcy of monarchs as they emptied their treasuries trying to provide poor relief.
D) the very slow enrichment of middling peasant laborers who began to dominate rural communities.
E) a long-term trend to abandon cities for the more secure rural environment.

Question 79

Pogroms were

A) religious ceremonies convened to ask for God's help against the plague.
B) small woolen balls people coughed into when infected with the plague.
C) organized massacres against the Jews.
D) the name given to people believed to be responsible for the Black Death.
E) mysterious sites where people could go to miraculously recover from the plague.

Question 80

The Black Death

A) was one of many European plagues that inflicted Europe from the eighth century onward.
B) started in northern Europe and moved southward to Italy.
C) recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries.
D) never reached England.
E) was restricted to Christian Europe, with the Arabic Middle East escaping from most of the devastation.