Question 1

IDENTIFICATIONS
-purgatory

Accepted Answer

Purgatory is a concept found within the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and some other Christian denominations. It is described as a state or place of purification or temporary punishment in which the souls of those who have died in a state of grace undergo purification in order to achieve the holiness necessary to enter heaven. According to Catholic doctrine, this process involves a cleansing of the residual effects of sin, such as unhealthy attachments or the temporal punishment due to sin, even after any guilt has been forgiven through confession and absolution.

The idea of purgatory is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but Catholics believe it is supported by biblical texts that speak of a cleansing fire (1 Corinthians 3:15) and the practice of praying for the dead, which implies that the dead can be aided after death (2 Maccabees 12:45-46, which is part of the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament). The Church teaches that the prayers and good works of the living can help those in purgatory, and the faithful often pray for the souls of the departed, seeking to aid their purification and speed their journey to heaven.

Purgatory is distinct from both heaven and hell in Catholic theology. Heaven is the state of eternal communion with God for those who have been fully purified, while hell is the state of eternal separation from God for those who die in a state of mortal sin and are unrepentant. Purgatory, by contrast, is temporary and is for those who have died in friendship with God but still require purification before entering the fullness of heaven.

The concept of purgatory is not universally accepted among all Christian denominations. Many Protestant churches reject the idea, as they do not find it explicitly supported by Scripture and often emphasize the sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice for the forgiveness of all sins. Eastern Orthodox Christianity has a somewhat similar concept in the sense that it acknowledges an intermediate state after death and the efficacy of prayers for the dead, but it does not typically use the term "purgatory" or define the intermediate state in the same way as the Roman Catholic Church.

Question 2

Among the adverse economic and population changes in fourteenth-century Europe were

Accepted Answer

A)  shrinking peasant land holdings below the size needed to support a family. 
B)  an exodus of residents from overpopulated rural areas. 
C)  rapidly rising numbers of poor people in cities. 
D)  a and c 
E)  all the above 
A)  shrinking peasant land holdings below the size needed to support a family. 
B)  an exodus of residents from overpopulated rural areas. 
C)  rapidly rising numbers of poor people in cities. 
D)  a and c 
E)  all the above E

Question 3

In Venice, ultimate governmental executive power was held by the

Accepted Answer

A)  doge. 
B)  duce. 
C)  Great Council. 
D)  Council of Ten. 
E)  popolo grandi. 
A)  doge. 
B)  duce. 
C)  Great Council. 
D)  Council of Ten. 
E)  popolo grandi. D

Question 4

IDENTIFICATIONS
-the vernacular

Accepted Answer

The term "vernacular" refers to the lang

Question 5

After helping drive the English from France, Joan of Arc went on to

Accepted Answer

A)  become rich writing romance novels. 
B)  be burned at the stake as a heretic. 
C)  marry the King of France and produce many children. 
D)  marry a peasant and lived in poverty and obscurity. 
E)  become the first female Roman Catholic priest. 
A)  become rich writing romance novels. 
B)  be burned at the stake as a heretic. 
C)  marry the King of France and produce many children. 
D)  marry a peasant and lived in poverty and obscurity. 
E)  become the first female Roman Catholic priest.

Question 6

IDENTIFICATIONS
-Italian communes

Accepted Answer

Italian communes, also known as comuni,

Question 7

IDENTIFICATIONS
-Council of Ten and the doge

Accepted Answer

The Council of Ten was a powerful govern

Question 8

The fifteenth century theologian who claimed that reason could not prove spiritual truth was

Accepted Answer

A)  Aquinas. 
B)  Abelard. 
C)  Magnus. 
D)  Occam. 
E)  Eckhart. 
A)  Aquinas. 
B)  Abelard. 
C)  Magnus. 
D)  Occam. 
E)  Eckhart.

Question 9

IDENTIFICATIONS
-the Battle of Crecy

Accepted Answer

The Battle of Crécy was a significant mi

Question 10

Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the fourteenth century because

Accepted Answer

A)  the plague had equally devastated both regions. 
B)  both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchical state. 
C)  local nobles and town governments lost much influence over reigning kings. 
D)  mercenary captains usurped royal authority and ruled violently. 
E)  both had begun to develop industrial economies. 
A)  the plague had equally devastated both regions. 
B)  both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchical state. 
C)  local nobles and town governments lost much influence over reigning kings. 
D)  mercenary captains usurped royal authority and ruled violently. 
E)  both had begun to develop industrial economies.

Question 11

Among the great and influential female religious mystics of the fourteenth century was

Accepted Answer

A)  St. Ingrid of Bohemia. 
B)  Julia of Canterbury. 
C)  Judith of Vienna. 
D)  Isabella of Ravenna. 
E)  Catherine of Siena. 
A)  St. Ingrid of Bohemia. 
B)  Julia of Canterbury. 
C)  Judith of Vienna. 
D)  Isabella of Ravenna. 
E)  Catherine of Siena.

Question 12

IDENTIFICATIONS
-Avignon

Accepted Answer

Avignon is a city located in the southea

Question 13

IDENTIFICATIONS
-Dante's Divine Comedy

Accepted Answer

Dante's Divine Comedy is a classic work

Question 14

IDENTIFICATIONS
-Marsiglio of Padua

Accepted Answer

Marsiglio of Padua was an Italian mediev

Question 15

What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this great political and religious conflict?

Accepted Answer

The main causes of the Great Schism, als

Question 16

All medical books, even after the impact of the Black Death, continued to be written in Latin and all were highly theoretical rather than being practical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The bubonic plague never actually arrived in Europe, but is rather the perpetuation of a medieval myth taken too literally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

IDENTIFICATIONS
-gunpowder

Accepted Answer

Gunpowder, also known as black powder, i

Question 19

A key economic consequence of the plague was

Accepted Answer

A)  the rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry. 
B)  a decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs. 
C)  the more frequent bankruptcy of monarchs as they emptied their treasuries trying to provide poor relief. 
D)  the very slow enrichment of middling peasant laborers who began to dominate rural communities. 
E)  a long-term trend to abandon cities for the more secure rural environment. 
A)  the rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry. 
B)  a decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs. 
C)  the more frequent bankruptcy of monarchs as they emptied their treasuries trying to provide poor relief. 
D)  the very slow enrichment of middling peasant laborers who began to dominate rural communities. 
E)  a long-term trend to abandon cities for the more secure rural environment.

Question 20

The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by

Accepted Answer

A)  seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers. 
B)  producing only the most basic foodstuffs, such as grain. 
C)  petitioning kings to order the relocation of laborers. 
D)  forming agricultural cooperatives linking landowners, laborers, and city consumers. 
E)  investing in trade and commerce rather than agricultural production. 
A)  seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers. 
B)  producing only the most basic foodstuffs, such as grain. 
C)  petitioning kings to order the relocation of laborers. 
D)  forming agricultural cooperatives linking landowners, laborers, and city consumers. 
E)  investing in trade and commerce rather than agricultural production.

Exam 11: the Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

IDENTIFICATIONS -purgatory

Among the adverse economic and population changes in fourteenth-century Europe were

In Venice, ultimate governmental executive power was held by the

IDENTIFICATIONS -the vernacular

After helping drive the English from France, Joan of Arc went on to

IDENTIFICATIONS -Italian communes

IDENTIFICATIONS -Council of Ten and the doge

The fifteenth century theologian who claimed that reason could not prove spiritual truth was

IDENTIFICATIONS -the Battle of Crecy

Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the fourteenth century because

Among the great and influential female religious mystics of the fourteenth century was

IDENTIFICATIONS -Avignon

IDENTIFICATIONS -Dante's Divine Comedy

IDENTIFICATIONS -Marsiglio of Padua

What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this great political and religious conflict?

All medical books, even after the impact of the Black Death, continued to be written in Latin and all were highly theoretical rather than being practical.

The bubonic plague never actually arrived in Europe, but is rather the perpetuation of a medieval myth taken too literally.

IDENTIFICATIONS -gunpowder

A key economic consequence of the plague was

The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by

the Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

the Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

the Civilization of the Greeks

the Hellenistic World

the Roman Republic

the Roman Empire

late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

european Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

the Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

the Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

state Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: the Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

the Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment

the Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

a Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

the Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

an Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

mass Society in an "Age of Progress," 1871-1894

an Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

the Beginning of the Twentieth-century Crisis: War and Revolution

the Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

the Deepening of the European Crisis: World War Ii

cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985

after the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age (Since 1985)

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