Deck 5: Motivation

Question 1

Almost every country in Western Europe has some type of legislation requiring companies to practice:

A)OB Mod.
B)MBO.
C)quality circles.
D)representative participation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is inconsistent with goal- setting theory?

A)Specificity increases motivation.
B)Challenging goals or difficult goals can increase performance.
C)Goals that are certain to be accomplished increase motivation.
D)If employees participate in setting goals,chances for acceptance are increased.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not a true statement about motivation theories in a cultural context?

A)In Communistic and centrally planned economies,employees outcomes are expected to perfectly match employee inputs.
B)In Australia,equity is meant to closely tie pay to performance.
C)In collectivist cultures,employees expect rewards to reflect individual needs as well as performance.
D)US- style reward systems are based on the assumption that workers are highly sensitive to equity in reward allocations.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The identified by McClelland has received the least attention from researchers.

A)need for achievement
B)need for power
C)need for affiliation
D)need for esteem

Question 5

You plan to use Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model to describe the core job dimensions of the jobs within your division.You understand that these dimensions are related to employee motivation,performance,and satisfaction. Jessi's job is such that she gets to schedule her own work and determine the procedures to be used in carrying it out.Jessi's job has:

A)task identity.
B)skill variety.
C)task significance.
D)autonomy.

Question 6

Which one of the following would be considered a motivator in the two- factor theory?

A)recognition
B)salary
C)working conditions
D)supervision

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the relationships proposed in expectancy theory?

A)rewards- valence relationship.
B)effort- performance relationship.
C)effort- satisfaction relationship.
D)performance- reward relationship.

Question 8

MBO emphasises converting overall organisational objectives into:

A)specific objectives for organisational units and individual members.
B)operational units.
C)terms that the individual worker can understand and accept.
D)capital gains.

Question 9

McClelland's theory of needs includes all of the following except:

A)need for affiliation.
B)need for existence.
C)need for power.
D)need for achievement.

Question 10

The core dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM)can be combined into a single predictive index called the:

A)growth- need score.
B)JCM score.
C)motivating potential score.
D)core dimensions variable.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a key element in the definition of motivation?

A)persistence
B)direction
C)intensity
D)drive

Question 12

The two- factor theory is also referred to as the:

A)Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Theory.
B)Motivator- Hygiene Theory.
C)Theories X and Y.
D)Hierarchy of Needs Theory.

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement about goal- setting theory?

A)Goal- setting theory is culture- bound.
B)Feedback should be provided.
C)Goals must be accepted by the employee to be effective.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

In equity theory,individuals compare their:

A)efficiency versus their effectiveness in a task.
B)job inputs and outcomes with those of others.
C)quantity versus the quality of their work.
D)performance to others' expectations.

Question 15

The desire for seems important to almost all workers across cultures.

A)interesting work
B)more flexibility
C)higher pay
D)telecommuting options

Question 16

Which of the following concepts is inconsistent with the expectancy theory of motivation?

A)Performance and rewards are related.
B)One's inputs and outputs are compared to another's.
C)Self- interest is pursued.
D)Attractive rewards will motivate.

Question 17

Maslow's hierarchy of needs are arranged in which of the following orders?

A)physiological,social,safety,esteem,and self- actualisation
B)safety,physiological,esteem,social,and self- actualisation
C)physiological,safety,social,esteem,and self- actualisation
D)physiological,esteem,safety,social,and self- actualisation

Question 18

You have just been hired by Computers- R- Us to institute a management by objectives program.The sales people have asked you to explain the program to them and to help them understand how it will affect them. The objectives for each individual will be set:

A)unilaterally by the supervisor.
B)by a committee of peers.
C)by the employee.
D)by the employee and his or her superior.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements best describes a manager who follows Theory X assumptions?

A)He imposes strict controls.
B)He lets employees choose their own goals.
C)He makes extensive use of delegating authority.
D)He allows employees to use discretion.

Question 20

In terms of job characteristics,a body shop worker who sprays paint eight hours a day exemplifies:

A)high feedback.
B)low feedback.
C)low skill variety.
D)high skill variety.

Question 21

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics.You have received good performance evaluations and a raise.You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired at a higher salary than you are now making. According to equity theory,you can be predicted to:

A)acknowledge that the new person hired is worth more.
B)work harder.
C)not work so hard.
D)do your work without any change.

Question 22

Within the definition of motivation,"intensity" refers to:

A)the personality of the individual involved.
B)how long an effort can be maintained.
C)how hard an individual tries.
D)all of the above.

Question 23

Theory X assumptions relate to:

A)Maslow's lower level needs.
B)Maslow's higher level needs.
C)both levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
D)neither level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 24

You have just been hired by Computers- R- Us to institute a management by objectives program.The sales people have asked you to explain the program to them and to help them understand how it will affect them. You want to make sure that they understand the ingredients common to MBO programs.Which of the following is not one of those ingredients?

A)Feedback will be given on each employee's performance.
B)Goals will be general enough to allow creativity.
C)Decision making will be participative.
D)Time periods will be explicit.

Question 25

In terms of job characteristics,an electronics factory worker who assembles a radio and then tests it to determine if it operates properly exemplifies:

A)high feedback.
B)high task significance.
C)low feedback.
D)low task significance.

Question 26

Two- factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as cause dissatisfaction.

A)working conditions
B)achievement
C)advancement
D)recognition

Question 27

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics.You have received good performance evaluations and a raise.You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired at a higher salary than you are now making. You will probably use the theory in evaluating how you regard this situation.

A)expectancy
B)equity
C)goal setting
D)reinforcement

Question 28

The most well- known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's:

A)Hierarchy of Needs.
B)Motivator- Hygiene Theory.
C)Theories X and Y.
D)Two- factor Theory.

Question 29

According to the job characteristics model,the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people is:

A)task significance.
B)autonomy.
C)task identity.
D)skill variety.

Question 30

The distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs is the use of:

A)flexible benefits.
B)increased compensation.
C)joint decision making.
D)all of the above.

Question 31

You plan to use Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model to describe the core job dimensions of the jobs within your division.You understand that these dimensions are related to employee motivation,performance,and satisfaction. Jill's job lets her begin and complete a whole piece of work.Jill's job has:

A)task significance.
B)task identity.
C)autonomy.
D)skill variety.

Question 32

Motivation is best defined as:

A)efficient behaviour.
B)being told to exert high levels of effort.
C)high performance.
D)processes that account for an individual's intensity,direction,and persistence toward attaining a goal.

Question 33

Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's need for hunger,thirst,and sex?

A)social
B)safety
C)esteem
D)physiological

Question 34

What two theorists are associated with the job characteristics model (JCM)?

A)Blake and Mouton
B)Hackman and Oldham
C)Turner and Lawrence
D)Luft and Ingham

Question 35

The drive to become what one is capable of becoming is which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)esteem
B)physiological
C)social
D)self- actualisation

Question 36

A desire for having personal responsibility and reaching desirable goals is an example of McClelland's:

A)need for affiliation.
B)need for power.
C)need for esteem.
D)need for achievement.

Question 37

Who proposed the two- factor theory?

A)Alderfer
B)McClelland
C)Maslow
D)Herzberg

Question 38

All of the following are ingredients common to MBO programs except:

A)an explicit time period.
B)participative decision making.
C)performance feedback.
D)consistent monetary rewards.

Question 39

According to the goal- setting theory of motivation,goals should be to achieve higher levels of performance.

A)easy
B)difficult but attainable
C)extremely difficult
D)just a bit beyond his or her potential

Question 40

A high motive may be a requirement for managerial effectiveness.

A)need for power
B)need for achievement
C)need for affiliation
D)need for esteem

Question 41

When viewing the contemporary theories of motivation as an integrated model,the contribution of reinforcement theory is the recognition that the organisation's rewards reinforce the individual's:

A)performance
B)motivation
C)effort
D)all of the above

Question 42

Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following except:

A)a high degree of risk.
B)overcoming obstacles.
C)feedback.
D)job situations with personal responsibility.

Question 43

proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation.

A)McClelland
B)Herzberg
C)Locke
D)Maslow

Question 44

Which of the following were considered higher- order needs by Maslow?

A)safety,social,esteem
B)physiological,safety,social
C)esteem,self- actualisation
D)social,esteem,self- actualisation

Question 45

You have read about the merits of employee recognition programs.While you have no significant budget,you are willing to implement a program in your department. A group of employees will meet regularly to discuss problems and recommend action.This group is a(n):

A)MBO cluster.
B)quality circle.
C)works council.
D)ESOP.

Question 46

Expectancy theory was developed by:

A)Maslow.
B)House.
C)Vroom.
D)McClelland.

Question 47

You are a new employee with Acme,Inc.Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it.He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. Your supervisor seems to possess assumptions.

A)Theory Z
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)to be lazy

Question 48

Douglas McGregor proposed:

A)the Two- Factor Theory.
B)Theories X and Y.
C)ERG Theory.
D)the Hierarchy of Needs Theory.

Question 49

Alderfer's needs include the intrinsic component from Maslow's esteem category and the characteristics included under self- actualisation.

A)existence
B)growth
C)relatedness
D)physiological

Question 50

In expectancy theory,the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance is the relationship.

A)performance- reward
B)effort- performance
C)rewards- effort
D)rewards- personal goals

Question 51

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life.Mary is a 23- year- old single parent who is working for minimum wage.Jonathan is 60 years old,extremely wealthy and he works because he enjoys it.Jane is single,45 years old and has few interests outside of the office.As manager of the department,you are trying to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals. Which of the following do you think would motivate Mary the most?

A)more vacation time
B)more money
C)greater discretion over her job
D)more responsibility

Question 52

Quality circles were originally begun in and exported to in the 1950s.

A)Japan; Europe
B)Japan; the U.S.
C)the U.S.; Europe
D)the U.S.; Japan

Question 53

You have read about the merits of employee recognition programs.While you have no significant budget,you are willing to implement a program in your department. You have decided to let employees select a small group to represent them and work with management.This is termed:

A)representative participation.
B)a share- ownership plan.
C)participative management.
D)quality circles.

Question 54

Overall,the greatest value of representative participation is:

A)symbolic.
B)increased motivation.
C)increased satisfaction.
D)all of the above

Question 55

The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as:

A)effort- performance relationship.
B)rewards- personal goals relationship.
C)effort- satisfaction relationship.
D)performance- reward relationship.

Question 56

According to job characteristics model of motivation,which of the following describes task identity?

A)the degree to which the job requires completion of a whole piece of work
B)the degree to which the job provides substantial individual freedom and discretion
C)the degree to which the employee receives information concerning performance
D)the degree to which the job requires a variety of different activities

Question 57

Jean is a HR manager who has always worked with the framework of the expectancy theory.She has been asked to examine why an employee's level of performance has decreased.She suspects it is because the relationship between performance and rewards has decreased. If Jean wanted to strengthen the link between performance and rewards,she should consider applying the:

A)reinforcement theory.
B)self- efficacy theory.
C)goal setting theory.
D)equity theory.

Question 58

Maslow's hierarchy contains five levels of needs.Which of the following is not one of those levels?

A)self- actualisation needs
B)motivational needs
C)social needs
D)safety needs

Question 59

All of the following are important issues relating to goal- setting theory with the exception of:

A)equity among co- workers.
B)feedback.
C)goal specificity.
D)goal difficulty.

Question 60

Jessie has been offered a HR manager's role in a company in Japan.The company is concerned with the level of motivation of employees. If Jessie decides to apply Maslow's theory,which of the following statements would be the most accurate representation of the situation:

A)Maslow's theory is completely relevant.
B)Maslow's hierarchy needs to be rearranged so security needs are at the top.
C)Maslow's hierarchy needs to be rearranged so social needs are at the top.
D)Maslow's theory is not relevant at all.

Question 61

Which of the following is not an example of employee involvement?

A)representative participation
B)quality circles
C)variable- pay programs
D)participative management

Question 62

Hygiene factors usually lead to job satisfaction when present in a job.

Question 63

According to Maslow,a need that is essentially satisfied no longer motivates.

Question 64

Research studies conducted on the participation- performance relationship show that the use of participation:

A)has only a modest influence on employee productivity.
B)increases motivation.
C)greatly influences employee attitudes.
D)enhances job satisfaction.

Question 65

You manage a department of three employees.You have identified that Joe scores high in the need for achievement,Mary scores high in the need for power,and Jim scores high in the need for affiliation.Sarah scored high in both the need for power and the need for affiliation. Which employee would be most comfortable being in charge while you are on vacation?

A)Mary
B)Joe
C)Jim
D)Sarah

Question 66

Which of the following is not true about the two- factor theory?

A)Working conditions are characterised as hygiene factors.
B)Responsibility is a satisfier.
C)A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed.
D)Intrinsic factors are motivators.

Question 67

Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a:

A)personal trait.
B)component of ability.
C)need.
D)situation.

Question 68

Each of the following is a comparison an employee can use in equity theory except:

A)self- outside.
B)self- inside.
C)other- outside.
D)self- goal.

Question 69

According to Herzberg,pay is a motivation factor.

Question 70

A participative process that uses the input of employees to increase their commitment to the organisation's success is called:

A)MBO.
B)reengineering.
C)employee involvement.
D)OB Mod.

Question 71

The early theories of motivation are still widely used by practitioners to explain employee motivation.

Question 72

According to goal- setting theory,self- generated feedback has been shown to be a more powerful motivator than externally generated feedback.

Question 73

Which of the following is a criticism of the two- factor theory?

A)Herzberg assumed a relationship existed between satisfaction and productivity.
B)No overall measure of satisfaction is utilised.
C)The theory is inconsistent with previous research.
D)All of the above.

Question 74

The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities is termed task significance.

Question 75

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation.They work in an old,unattractive building with an antiquated heating system.The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available.You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two- factor theory to the situation.
What would Herzberg believe would motivate the employees?

A)having the supervisor "hang around" more
B)fixing the heating system
C)receiving recognition for a job well done
D)improvement in working conditions

Question 76

Which of the following is not a predictable choice when employees perceive an inequity?

A)change their outcomes
B)choose a different referent
C)change nothing in one's behaviour
D)change their inputs

Question 77

Expanding jobs horizontally is called job enlargement.

Question 78

A motivation concept that clearly has an American bias is the:

A)power need.
B)social need.
C)achievement need.
D)affiliation need.

Question 79

McClelland's need for affiliation is:

A)the drive to excel,to strive to succeed.
B)the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.
C)the need to make others behave in a new way.
D)the same as Maslow's physiological need.

Question 80

According to McClelland,the need for is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.

A)achievement
B)power
C)affiliation
D)effectiveness