Deck 2: Learning and Job Satisfaction

Question 1

intelligence is awareness of cross- cultural differences and the ability to successfully function in cross- cultural situations.

A)Cognitive
B)Emotional
C)Cultural
D)Social

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Studies conducted among workers in the United States generally indicate that:

A)these results are generally applicable to other developed countries.
B)more people report that they are satisfied than not.
C)workers are satisfied with their jobs.
D)all of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following has not been linked to job satisfaction?

A)pay
B)supervision
C)job comfort
D)advancement opportunities

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Job satisfaction is best described as:

A)a value.
B)behaviour.
C)causing high performance.
D)an attitude.

Question 5

Studies have found that all of the following are true except:

A)women tend to be more productive at work than men.
B)women are more willing to conform to authority than men.
C)men are more likely to have expectations of success.
D)men are more aggressive than women.

Question 6

is discretionary behaviour that is not part of an employee's formal job requirement,but that promotes the effective functioning of the organisation.

A)Productivity
B)Organisational behaviour
C)Organisational citizenship
D)Motivation

Question 7

Your boss does not follow through on his/her promise to pay you double for overtime hours worked.When asked again to work overtime,you decline.This is an application of:

A)operant conditioning.
B)employer/employee relations.
C)lack of commitment.
D)social learning.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a dimension of intellectual ability as discussed in your text?

A)number aptitude
B)spatial visualisation
C)dynamic strength
D)perceptual speed

Question 9

What _ did for classical conditioning,did for operant conditioning.

A)Pavlov; Skinner
B)McGregor; Maslow
C)Fayol; Mintzberg
D)Herzberg; Deming

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the steps of the problem- solving model followed by the typical OB Mod program?

A)developing and implementing an intervention strategy
B)developing baseline data
C)identifying critical behaviours
D)avoiding evaluation and performance

Question 11

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by:

A)Abraham Maslow.
B)Leon Festinger.
C)John Holland.
D)G)G.Shaw.

Question 12

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement:

A)reinforce every time a behaviour is demonstrated.
B)do not reinforce every time a behaviour is demonstrated.
C)only work with classical conditioning.
D)identify critical behaviours.

Question 13

Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between age and job satisfaction?

A)Some studies show a U- shaped relationship.
B)Satisfaction decreases among professionals as they age.
C)Most studies found a negative association between age and satisfaction.
D)Satisfaction increases among non- professionals as they age.

Question 14

An important moderator of the satisfaction- turnover relationship is:

A)management.
B)the organisation's culture.
C)happiness in general.
D)the employee's level of performance.

Question 15

When a response is followed by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant,it is called:

A)manipulation.
B)elimination.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 16

intelligence is a person's ability to relate effectively to others.

A)Emotional
B)Cultural
C)Cognitive
D)Social

Question 17

Attending union meetings as a response to dissatisfaction would be what type of response?

A)loyalty
B)neglect
C)exit
D)voice

Question 18

Satisfaction is _ to turnover.

A)unrelated
B)positively related
C)equal in number
D)negatively related

Question 19

Which of the following is not a moderating variable in the relationship between attitudes and behaviours?

A)their fundamental values
B)its specificity
C)the importance of the attitude
D)having direct experience with the attitude

Question 20

Suspending an employee who shows up for work drunk is an example of:

A)negative reinforcement.
B)extinction.
C)poor planning.
D)punishment.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of classical conditioning?

A)Learning a conditioned response involves building up an association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
B)Classical conditioning is passive.
C)The neutral stimulus takes on the properties of the conditioned stimulus.
D)Classical conditioning can explain simple reflexive behaviours.

Question 22

Intelligence has been found to be strong predictor of:

A)job satisfaction.
B)job performance.
C)turnover.
D)ability to work with others.

Question 23

Which of the following was not identified in your text as one of the uses of OB Mod in organisations?

A)improving employee productivity
B)reducing accident rates
C)reducing errors
D)improving learning

Question 24

"Job involvement" is best defined as the degree workers:

A)have an emotional attachment to their jobs.
B)identify with their jobs.
C)are loyal to their organisation.
D)need to participate in organisational social activities.

Question 25

Early studies of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)assumed that it was closely linked with satisfaction.More recent evidence suggests that satisfaction influences OCB,but through perceptions of:

A)fairness.
B)consistency.
C)leadership ability.
D)productivity.

Question 26

The learning concept of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired new response is called:

A)modelling.
B)social learning.
C)shaping.
D)classical conditioning.

Question 27

The component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.

A)affective
B)cognitive
C)behavioural
D)evaluative

Question 28

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)Happy workers are more likely to be productive workers.
B)Productive workers are likely to be happy workers.
C)There is little evidence to suggest a correlation between satisfied employees and customer loyalty.
D)It is likely that satisfaction leads to productivity.

Question 29

The now- classic study at Emery Air Freight illustrates the use of:

A)classical conditioning.
B)behaviour modification.
C)reengineering.
D)self- management.

Question 30

The age of a worker seems to have a direct relationship to:

A)absenteeism.
B)taking holidays.
C)turnover.
D)productivity.

Question 31

All of the following are true about both positive and negative reinforcement except:

A)both positive and negative reinforcement result in learning.
B)both positive and negative reinforcement tend to weaken behaviour and decrease its subsequent frequency.
C)both positive and negative reinforcement strengthen a response and increase the probability of repetition.
D)both positive and negative reinforcement are effective shaping tools.

Question 32

Organisational commitment is:

A)negatively related to absenteeism.
B)negatively related to turnover.
C)an attitude.
D)all of the above

Question 33

Research indicates that there are nine basic abilities involved in the performance of physical tests.Which of the following is not a correct description of the ability listed?

A)Stamina: the ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time.
B)Dynamic strength: the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly.
C)Dynamic flexibility: the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible.
D)Balance: the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance.

Question 34

Operant conditioning argues that:

A)behaviour is reflexive.
B)the tendency to repeat a behaviour is very strong.
C)behaviour is a function of its consequences.
D)behaviour is unlearned.

Question 35

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behaviour is called:

A)positive reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)extinction.
D)punishment.

Question 36

All of the following are examples of biographical characteristics except:

A)gender.
B)age.
C)sexual orientation.
D)marital status.

Question 37

All of the following are true about learning except:

A)it requires an ingrained change in actions of behaviour.
B)the change can be permanent or temporary.
C)it requires some form of experience.
D)it involves change.

Question 38

In Pavlov's experiment,the bell was:

A)an unconditioned stimulus.
B)a conditioned stimulus.
C)a conditioned response.
D)an unconditioned response.

Question 39

According to your text,a likely explanation for the higher absentee rate for women is that:

A)traditionally,women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.
B)women tend to have more illnesses that keep them from work than do men.
C)women tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than men and are consequently absent more often.
D)women generally have jobs for which a temporary replacement can be hired so absences are more permissible.

Question 40

Steve is unhappy with his job.He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up for work late.He is expressing his dissatisfaction by:

A)exit.
B)neglect.
C)voice.
D)loyalty.

Question 41

The biographical characteristic that will grow in importance during the next decade is:

A)age.
B)length of service.
C)gender.
D)marital status.

Question 42

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes is termed:

A)self- fulfilling prophecy.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)self- perception.
D)rational decision making.

Question 43

Operant conditioning can be used to explain why Christmas carols often bring back pleasant memories of childhood.

Question 44

In Pavlov's experiment,the meat was:

A)an unconditioned stimulus.
B)a conditioned stimulus.
C)an unconditioned response.
D)a conditioned response.

Question 45

One method of shaping behaviour is called positive reinforcement and refers to responding to an act in a positive way.

Question 46

Recent evidence suggests that intelligence can be better understood by breaking it down into four sub- parts.Which one of the following is not one of those sub- parts?

A)cognitive
B)social
C)physical strength
D)emotional

Question 47

Which of the following is not a characteristic of physical ability?

A)appearance
B)stamina
C)strength
D)dexterity

Question 48

The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred to as:

A)classical conditioning.
B)reengineering.
C)OB Mod.
D)self- management.

Question 49

Voice is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.

Question 50

The relationship between age and job performance is likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the next decade.

Question 51

The view that we can learn both through observation and direct experience is called:

A)social learning theory.
B)classical learning.
C)situational learning theory.
D)hands- on learning experience.

Question 52

Productivity declines with age.

Question 53

In organisations,attitudes are important because they affect job behaviour.

Question 54

As used in the text,the term "ability":

A)is made up of people skills.
B)is made up of only intellectual skills.
C)refers to an individual's capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
D)refers to an individual's willingness to perform the various tasks in a job.

Question 55

All of the following are ways in which to shape learning except:

A)manipulation.
B)positive reinforcement.
C)punishment.
D)extinction.

Question 56

Attitude surveys can alert management to potential problems.

Question 57

The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement.Such an opinion is the _ _ component of an attitude.

A)reactive
B)behavioural
C)affective
D)cognitive

Question 58

An employee is frequently late for work.Every time he/she is not tardy,the manager compliments him/her for being on time.The manager is using:

A)an intermittent schedule of reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)continuous schedule reinforcement.
D)a repetitious schedule of reinforcement.

Question 59

Any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience is termed:

A)classical conditioning.
B)social learning theory.
C)operant conditioning.
D)learning.

Question 60

Classical conditioning grew out of the work of B.F.Skinner.

Question 61

There are three components of an attitude: cognition,affect,and behaviour.

Question 62

The first step in OB Mod is to identify critical behaviours impacting the employee's performance.

Question 63

If the elements creating dissonance are relatively unimportant,Festinger proposes that the pressure to correct this imbalance will be low.

Question 64

In Classical Conditioning,learning a conditioned response involves building up an association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 65

Learning consists of any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience.

Question 66

Women have higher absenteeism rates than men do.

Question 67

An increase in absenteeism is an example of dissatisfaction expressed through neglect.

Question 68

The evidence indicates that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Question 69

An individual's overall abilities are essentially made up of two sets of factors: intellectual and physical abilities.

Question 70

Employee performance is enhanced when there is a high ability- job fit.

Question 71

A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job.

Question 72

In the typical OB Mod program,everything an employee does on his or her job is equally important in terms of performance outcomes.

Question 73

Classical conditioning is passive.

Question 74

Pavlov taught dogs to salivate in response to the ringing of a bell.

Question 75

Studies conducted among workers in the United States generally indicate that the majority of workers are satisfied with their jobs.

Question 76

Actively and constructively attempting to improve job conditions is expressing dissatisfaction through loyalty.

Question 77

Everyone has strengths and weaknesses in terms of ability that make them relatively superior or inferior to others in performing certain tasks or activities.

Question 78

Learning through observation and direct experience has been called classical conditioning.

Question 79

Operant behaviour means voluntary or learned behaviour in contrast to reflexive or unlearned behaviour.

Question 80

Personal characteristics that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records (such as age,sex,and marital status)are termed biographical characteristics.