Deck 2: Descriptive Statistics and Analytics: Tabular and Graphical Methods

Question 1

A scatter plot can be used to identify outliers.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Beginning the vertical scale of a graph at a value different from zero can cause increases to look more dramatic.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The relative frequency is the frequency of a class divided by the total number of measurements.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A runs plot is a form of scatter plot.

Question 5

The stem-and-leaf display is advantageous because it allows us to actually see the measurements in the data set.

Question 6

Stem-and-leaf displays and dot plots are useful for detecting outliers.

Question 7

When we wish to summarize the proportion (or fraction) of items in a class, we use the frequency distribution for each class.

Question 8

When establishing the classes for a frequency distribution, it is generally agreed that the more classes you use the better your frequency distribution will be.

Question 9

It is possible to create different interpretations of the same graphical display by simply using different captions.

Question 10

Each stem of a stem-and-leaf display should be a single digit.

Question 11

The cumulative frequency for a class will always be at least as large as the cumulative frequency for any class with a smaller upper boundary.

Question 12

A frequency table includes row and column percentages.

Question 13

When constructing a graphical display that utilizes categorical data, classes that have frequencies of 5 percent or less are usually combined together into a single category.

Question 14

In a Pareto chart, the bar for the "Other" category should be placed to the far left of the chart.

Question 15

In the first step of setting up a Pareto chart, a frequency table should be constructed of the defects (or categories) in decreasing order of frequency.

Question 16

Splitting the stems refers to assigning the same stem to two or more rows of the stem-and-leaf display.

Question 17

A stem-and-leaf display is a graphical portrayal of a data set that shows the data set's overall pattern of variation.

Question 18

When data are qualitative, the bars should never be separated by gaps.

Question 19

A bar chart is a graphic that can be used to depict qualitative data.

Question 20

When looking at the shape of the distribution using a histogram, a distribution is skewed to the right when the left tail is shorter than the right tail.

Question 21

Leaves on a stem-and-leaf display should be rearranged so that they are in increasing order from left to right.

Question 22

Sparklines always need to be displayed with either their axes or coordinates.

Question 23

Sparklines are line charts and are often embedded with the text where they are being discussed.

Question 24

An analytic dashboard presents both current and historical trends of a business's key performance indicators.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a graphical tool for descriptive analytics (dashboards)?

A) bullet graph
B) sparkline
C) raw data
D) treemap
E) gauge

Question 26

Treemaps are used to compare multiple stem-and-leaf diagrams.

Question 27

Row or column percentages can be found in

A) frequency tables.
B) relative frequency tables.
C) cross-tabulation tables.
D) cumulative frequency tables.

Question 28

Key performance indicators are best represented by a data discovery method.

Question 29

All of the following are used to describe quantitative data except the ________.

A) histogram
B) stem-and-leaf chart
C) dot plot
D) pie chart

Question 30

A(n) ________ is a graph of a cumulative distribution.

A) histogram
B) scatter plot
C) ogive
D) pie chart

Question 31

Gauges feature a single measure showing variation over time.

Question 32

Which of the following tools used by graphical descriptive analytics will show variation over time?

A) bullet graph
B) sparkline
C) treemap
D) gauge

Question 33

If space is an issue when presenting analytic dashboard graphics, gauges should be used most frequently.

Question 34

A bullet graph features a single measure and displays it as either a horizontal or vertical bar.

Question 35

________ can be used to study the relationship between two variables.

A) Cross-tabulation tables
B) Frequency tables
C) Cumulative frequency distributions
D) Dot plots

Question 36

As a business owner, I have requested my staff to develop a set of dashboards that can be used by the public to show wait time at each of my four local coffee shops at peak times during the day and whether the time is short, medium, or long. Which of the following graphical displays would be the best choice?

A) bullet graph
B) sparkline
C) treemap
D) gauges

Question 37

A treemap displays information as a series of clustered rectangles.

Question 38

Which of the following is the best analytic dashboard graphical method for visualizing hierarchical information?

A) bullet graph
B) sparkline
C) treemap
D) gauge

Question 39

A(n) ________ is a graphical presentation of the current status and historical trends of a business's key performance indicators.

A) frequency distribution
B) histogram
C) Pareto chart
D) dashboard

Question 40

Data drill down is a form of data discovery.

Question 41

If there are 130 values in a data set, how many classes should be created for a frequency histogram?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 42

An unusually large or small observation separated from the rest of the data is a(n) ________.

A) absolute extreme
B) outlier
C) mode
D) quartile

Question 43

A(n) ________ can be used to differentiate the "vital few" causes of quality problems from the "trivial many" causes of quality problems.

A) histogram
B) scatter plot
C) pareto chart
D) ogive plot
E) stem-and-leaf display

Question 44

When developing a frequency distribution, the class (group) intervals must be ________.

A) large
B) small
C) integer
D) nonoverlapping
E) equal

Question 45

________ and ________ are used to describe qualitative (categorical) data.

A) Stem-and-leaf displays; scatter plots
B) Scatter plots; histograms
C) Dot plots; bar charts
D) Bar charts; pie charts
E) Pie charts; histograms

Question 46

A CFO is looking at what percentage of a company's resources are spent on computing. He samples companies in the pharmaceutical industry and develops the following stem-and-leaf display (leaf unit = 0.1). If you were creating a frequency histogram using these data, how many classes would you create?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 47

A CFO is looking at what percentage of a company's resources are spent on computing. He samples companies in the pharmaceutical industry and develops the following stem-and-leaf display (leaf unit = 0.1). What is the smallest percentage spent on R&D?

A) 5.9
B) 5.6
C) 5.2
D) 5.02
E) 50.2

Question 48

Which of the following graphical tools is not used to study the shapes of distributions?

A) stem-and-leaf display
B) scatter plot
C) histogram
D) dot plot

Question 49

All of the following are used to describe qualitative data except the ________.

A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) histogram
D) Pareto chart

Question 50

A stem-and-leaf display is best used to ________.

A) provide a point estimate of the variability of the data set
B) provide a point estimate of the central tendency of the data set
C) display the shape of the distribution
D) display a two-variable treemap

Question 51

A ________ displays the frequency of each class with qualitative data and a ________ displays the frequency of each class with quantitative data.

A) histogram; stem-and-leaf display
B) bar chart; histogram
C) scatter plot; bar chart
D) stem-and-leaf; pie chart

Question 52

If there are 62 values in a data set, how many classes should be created for a frequency histogram?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 53

Which of the following divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percentage frequency for each class?

A) histogram
B) dot plot
C) stem-and-leaf display
D) scatter plot

Question 54

If there are 30 values in a data set, how many classes should be created for a frequency histogram?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 55

Which of the following graphs is for qualitative data?

A) histogram
B) bar chart
C) ogive plot
D) stem-and-leaf

Question 56

A CFO is looking at what percentage of a company's resources are spent on computing. He samples companies in the pharmaceutical industry and develops the following stem-and-leaf display (leaf unit = 0.1). What is the approximate shape of the distribution of the data?

A) normal
B) skewed to the right
C) skewed to the left
D) bimodal
E) uniform

Question 57

Which one of the following graphical tools is used with quantitative data?

A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) pie chart
D) Pareto chart

Question 58

A plot that allows us to visualize the relationship between two variables is a(n) ________ plot.

A) frequency
B) scatter
C) dot
D) ogive

Question 59

If there are 120 values in a data set, how many classes should be created for a frequency histogram?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 60

A ________ shows the relationship between two variables.

A) stem-and-leaf
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) scatter plot
E) pie chart

Question 61

A histogram that has a longer tail extending toward larger values is ________.

A) skewed to the left
B) normal
C) a scatter plot
D) skewed to the right

Question 62

A CFO is looking at what percentage of a company's resources are spent on computing. He samples companies in the pharmaceutical industry and develops the following stem-and-leaf display (leaf unit = 0.1). What would be the class length used in creating a frequency histogram?

A) 1.4
B) 8.3
C) 1.2
D) 1.7
E) 0.9

Question 63

A graphical portrayal of a quantitative data set that divides the data into classes and gives the frequency of each class is a(n) ________.

A) ogive plot
B) dot plot
C) histogram
D) Pareto chart
E) bar chart

Question 64

A company's Chief Operating Officer (COO) keeps track of the mileage on her trips from her office at corporate headquarters to the company's off-site manufacturing facility and its nearby suppliers. The stem-and-leaf display of the data for one year is below. What would be the class length for creating the frequency histogram?

A) 14
B) 9
C) 27
D) 18
E) 23

Question 65

A CFO is looking at what percentage of a company's resources are spent on computing. He samples companies in the pharmaceutical industry and develops the following stem-and-leaf display (leaf unit = 0.1). What would be the first class interval for the frequency histogram?

A) 5.2 < 6.6
B) 5.2 < 6.0
C) 5.0 < 6.0
D) 5.0 < 6.4
E) 5.2 < 6.4

Question 66

The proportion of measurements in a class is called the ________ of that class.

A) frequency
B) relative frequency
C) leaf
D) cumulative percentage

Question 67

A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers, with the resulting frequency distribution shown below. What is the midpoint of the third class interval?

A) 22.5
B) 27.5
C) 32.5
D) 37.5
E) 42.5

Question 68

A histogram that has a longer tail extending toward smaller values is ________.

A) skewed to the left
B) normal
C) a scatter plot
D) skewed to the right

Question 69

Pareto charts are frequently used to identify ________.

A) random data
B) the most common types of defects
C) outliers that do not show up on a dot plot
D) the cause for extreme skewness to the right

Question 70

At the end of their final exam, 550 students answered an additional question in which they rated their instructor's teaching effectiveness, with the following results. What proportion of the students who rated their instructor as very or somewhat effective received a B or better in the class?

A) 0.345
B) 0.254
C) 0.482
D) 0.898
E) 0.644

Question 71

As a general rule, when creating a stem-and-leaf display, there should be ________ stem values.

A) between 3 and 10
B) between 1 and 100
C) no fewer than 20
D) between 5 and 20

Question 72

A type of very simple graph that can be used to summarize a quantitative data set is a(n) ________.

A) runs plot
B) ogive plot
C) dot plot
D) pie chart

Question 73

The general term for a graphical display of categorical data made up of vertical or horizontal bars is called a(n) ________.

A) pie chart
B) Pareto chart
C) bar chart
D) ogive plot

Question 74

A company's Chief Operating Officer (COO) keeps track of the mileage on her trips from her office at corporate headquarters to the company's off-site manufacturing facility and its nearby suppliers. The stem-and-leaf display of the data for one year is below. How many trips were used in this display?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
E) 12

Question 75

A relative frequency histogram having a longer tail to the right than to the left is said to be ________.

A) skewed to the left
B) normal
C) a scatter plot
D) skewed to the right

Question 76

The number of measurements falling within a class interval is called the ________.

A) frequency
B) relative frequency
C) leaf
D) cumulative sum

Question 77

A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers, with the resulting frequency distribution shown below. What would be the approximate shape of the relative frequency histogram?

A) symmetrical
B) uniform
C) linear
D) skewed to the left
E) skewed to the right

Question 78

An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________.

A) starting the axes at zero
B) making the bars in a histogram equal widths
C) stretching the axes
D) adding an unbiased caption

Question 79

A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers, with the resulting frequency distribution shown below. What is the relative frequency for the class with the greatest frequency?

A) .132
B) .226
C) .231
D) .283
E) .288

Question 80

A company's Chief Operating Officer (COO) keeps track of the mileage on her trips from her office at corporate headquarters to the company's off-site manufacturing facility and its nearby suppliers. The stem-and-leaf display of the data for one year is below. In developing a histogram of these data, how many classes would be used?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8