Deck 11: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

Question 1

The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.

A) increase awareness on the part of the client
B) reduce socially unacceptable or non-productive behavior
C) reduce presenting symptoms and problems
D) educate the client to provide the tools for change

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are dysfunctional schemas that Beck postulated were commonly associated with specific personality disorders, EXCEPT: _____________________.

A) avoidant: "I might get hurt."
B) psychotic: "I am crazy."
C) histrionic: "I need to impress others."
D) compulsive: "Errors are bad."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The long term goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is best described by which of the following statements?

A) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
B) The goal is for clients to be able to partner with counselors to solve their problems by the counselor reflecting dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
C) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors after they occur so the client does not do the same thing again.
D) The goal is to enable clients to understand events in their childhood that created problems and cause dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors in order to prevent them from occurring again in the future.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency, duration, and severity of anxiety. The counselor is assessing Ann's _________________________.

A) baseline functioning
B) conscious process
C) compliance
D) symptoms

Question 5

The model that best highlights the essence of cognitive approaches is ___________________ developed by Albert Ellis for rational emotive behavioral therapy.

A) the C-B-T model
B) the A-B-C model
C) the P-B-S model
D) the R-E-B-T model

Question 6

________________ approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory and focus on analyzing and intervening on observable and measurable behaviors.

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Traditional
D) Conditioned

Question 7

Which of the following statement best describes the concept of irrational beliefs?

A) Most clients believe that it is themselves that cause the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the people surrounding the client that are the cause and therefore the focus of change.
B) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the irrational belief about the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.
C) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is behavior that results from the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.
D) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is biochemistry that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.

Question 8

A cognitive-behavioral therapist uses functional analysis to assess what the client is doing and thinking before, during, and after the symptom in order identify cause and effect patterns.

Question 9

Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.

A) standardized assessment tools
B) the client's own words
C) goal forms
D) written contracts

Question 10

____________________ approaches are based on the premise that psychological disorders result from dysfunctional thinking and beliefs and that improvement comes from modifying thought patterns and beliefs.

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Traditional
D) Conditioned

Question 11

__________________ is the hallmark intervention of cognitive-behavioral counseling and aims to teach clients psychological principles and how to use them to handle problems.

A) Empathy
B) Socratic method or guided discovery
C) Psychoeducation
D) Self-talk

Question 12

Mark, a cognitive-behavioral counselor remains neutral and uses open-ended questions to help his client discover the illogical nature of her beliefs and to use her own logic to convince her of needed change. This intervention is called ________________________.

A) empathy
B) socratic method or guided discovery
C) psychoeducation
D) self-talk

Question 13

Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.

A) individual
B) family
C) counselor
D) brain

Question 14

Most contemporary practitioners utilize cognitive-behavioral approaches which _______________________________________.

A) are focused purely on changing behaviors
B) utilize client feelings an experiential considerations to inform change
C) are focused purely on changing cognitions
D) Integrate cognitive and behavioral techniques to change thoughts, behaviors, and feelings

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the cognitive-behavioral counselor?

A) The counselor is objective witness to change and cheerleader to steer the change in positive directions.
B) The counselor is partner, walking the journey with the client and providing encouragement.
C) The counselor has a minimized role in which the counselor intervenes little in order to encourage autonomy on the part of the client.
D) The counselor's role is educational, using expertise to help client learn how to manage thoughts, feelings, and emotions more effectively.

Question 16

The cognitive-behavioral approach involves four phases: ____________, __________, ________, and ___________.

A) assessment; diagnosis; educate; replace and retrain
B) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; skill development; replace and retrain
C) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; educate; replace and retrain
D) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; educate; follow-up

Question 17

Like Beck, Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions, called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would", "should", "ought", "must".

A) repression
B) irrational beliefs
C) neurosis
D) splitting

Question 18

Stress inoculation training helps clients change ______________ and _______________, and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education, training, and practice.

A) thoughts; emotions
B) patterns; reactions
C) negative self-talk; unhelpful inner dialogues
D) unrealistic expectations; hopes

Question 19

Regarding the cognitive-behavioral counselors' approach to empathy, which of the following is true.

A) Empathy allows the counselor to build rapport in order to get to intervention that will change behavior/thoughts but do not believe empathy by itself is curative.
B) Empathy in itself is curative and can be the intervention which changes thoughts and behavior.
C) Empathy does not have a place in the cognitive-behavioral process since the focus must be only on the relationship between behavior and cognition.
D) Empathy is used to distract the client from the behavioral and cognitive changes the counselor is introducing.

Question 20

Aaron Beck used a cognitive approach which identifies schemas and core beliefs that ______________________________________, and changes them using thought records.

A) cause problems
B) solve problems
C) fuel and maintain problems
D) open up and resolve problems

Question 21

In reality therapy, counselors analyze behavior to help clients ________________________ ______________________________.

A) understand the source of their problems
B) decrease personal responsibility for all the events in their life
C) look at the way the rest of world, "the real world", looks at the problem
D) take responsibility for the quality of their lives and make choices to improve their situations.

Question 22

Counselors who use the CBT approach must do so carefully because of all of the following considerations EXCEPT: _____________________________.

A) emphasis on the expert stance which can create resistance or overcompliance
B) defining "irrational beliefs" which may be culturally and contextually determined rather than determined by dominant social norms
C) treatment goals may represent conflicting values with the clients' religious, cultural, racial, or socioeconomic values
D) the lack of diagnosis may cause the client to further regress or impede progress

Question 23

Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________.

A) punishing undesired behavior
B) rewarding behavior in the direction of the desired behavior
C) withholding to gain compliance
D) educating to avoid future incidents of the behavior

Question 24

What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?

A) Mindfulness is basically meditation.
B) Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience.
C) Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways.
D) Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety.

Question 26

Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

Question 27

How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?

Question 28

What is meant by the statement, "cognitive behavioral goals are specific and measurable?

Question 29

How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

Question 30

Which of the following accurately describes the process of systematic desensitization?

A) Teaching faulty cognitions; discussing cognitions after each of the triggers; continue exploring the irrational thoughts until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
B) Teaching relaxation; creating a hierarchy of triggers; working up the hierarchy until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
C) Creating a hierarchy of triggers; working up the hierarchy by learning to ignore anxious feelings until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
D) Teaching rational responses in relation to the triggers; working up the hierarchy, providing information on rational responses until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.

Question 31

Working with clients to accept difficult thoughts and emotions in order to transform them is used by _____________________________.

A) rational approaches
B) mindfulness-based approaches
C) reality therapy approaches
D) behavioral approaches

Question 32

All of the following are components of the WDEP system of evaluation used by reality counselors, EXCEPT: __________________________________.

A) preparing for success
B) exploring wants, needs and motivations
C) discussing what clients are doing and the resulting direction
D) evaluating the effectiveness of actions and choices

Question 33

________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.

A) Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)
B) Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
C) Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
D) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)