Question 1

How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral counseling, or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aligns more closely with DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnoses than other therapeutic approaches for several reasons:

1. **Empirical Basis**: CBT is grounded in empirical research and relies on evidence-based techniques. The DSM is also an empirically based manual that categorizes mental disorders based on research and clinical consensus. Both CBT and the DSM emphasize the importance of observable symptoms and measurable outcomes, which makes them compatible in clinical practice.

2. **Symptom-Focused**: CBT is a problem-oriented approach that targets specific symptoms and maladaptive behaviors. The DSM is a classification system that organizes mental disorders based on symptom clusters. This symmetry allows therapists to use CBT techniques to address the particular symptoms outlined in a DSM diagnosis, facilitating a targeted treatment plan.

3. **Structured Approach**: CBT is known for its structured and goal-oriented nature. Similarly, the DSM provides a structured framework for diagnosing mental disorders. The clear structure of both CBT and the DSM allows for a systematic assessment of symptoms and the application of specific CBT interventions that correspond to DSM criteria.

4. **Common Language**: The DSM provides a common language for mental health professionals to discuss and diagnose mental health conditions. CBT therapists often use this common language to communicate about a client's diagnosis and progress, which helps in formulating treatment plans that are consistent with the DSM's diagnostic categories.

5. **Manualized Treatments**: Many CBT interventions are manualized, meaning they follow a specific protocol that can be tailored to individual DSM diagnoses. This allows for consistency in treatment across different clients with the same diagnosis and facilitates research on the effectiveness of CBT for specific disorders.

6. **Short-Term and Outcome-Focused**: CBT is typically a short-term treatment that focuses on achieving specific outcomes, which aligns well with the medical model underlying the DSM. Both CBT and the DSM emphasize the importance of measurable changes in symptoms, which can be important for insurance reimbursement and the evaluation of treatment efficacy.

7. **Adaptability**: CBT is adaptable to a wide range of mental health conditions, many of which are categorized within the DSM. This versatility allows CBT practitioners to apply the therapy to the diverse disorders listed in the DSM, making it a widely applicable approach in clinical settings.

8. **Biopsychosocial Model**: Both CBT and the DSM recognize the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. CBT interventions often address these factors within the context of the individual's diagnosis, aligning with the comprehensive approach of the DSM.

In summary, the alignment between cognitive-behavioral counseling and DSM diagnoses is due to their shared emphasis on empirical evidence, symptom-focused treatment, structured approaches, and the use of a common diagnostic language. This alignment facilitates the integration of CBT into mainstream mental health care and its acceptance as a standard treatment for many DSM-diagnosed conditions.

Question 2

The model that best highlights the essence of cognitive approaches is ___________________ developed by Albert Ellis for rational emotive behavioral therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  the C-B-T model 
B)  the A-B-C model 
C)  the P-B-S model 
D)  the R-E-B-T model 
A)  the C-B-T model 
B)  the A-B-C model 
C)  the P-B-S model 
D)  the R-E-B-T model B

Question 3

__________________ is the hallmark intervention of cognitive-behavioral counseling and aims to teach clients psychological principles and how to use them to handle problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy 
B)  Socratic method or guided discovery 
C)  Psychoeducation 
D)  Self-talk 
A)  Empathy 
B)  Socratic method or guided discovery 
C)  Psychoeducation 
D)  Self-talk C

Question 4

Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

Accepted Answer

Beck's concept of distorted cognitions r

Question 5

________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) 
B)  Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) 
C)  Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 
D)  Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) 
A)  Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) 
B)  Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) 
C)  Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 
D)  Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

Question 6

The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase awareness on the part of the client 
B)  reduce socially unacceptable or non-productive behavior 
C)  reduce presenting symptoms and problems 
D)  educate the client to provide the tools for change 
A)  increase awareness on the part of the client 
B)  reduce socially unacceptable or non-productive behavior 
C)  reduce presenting symptoms and problems 
D)  educate the client to provide the tools for change

Question 7

Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)  individual 
B)  family 
C)  counselor 
D)  brain 
A)  individual 
B)  family 
C)  counselor 
D)  brain

Question 8

Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency, duration, and severity of anxiety. The counselor is assessing Ann's _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline functioning 
B)  conscious process 
C)  compliance 
D)  symptoms 
A)  baseline functioning 
B)  conscious process 
C)  compliance 
D)  symptoms

Question 9

Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishing undesired behavior 
B)  rewarding behavior in the direction of the desired behavior 
C)  withholding to gain compliance 
D)  educating to avoid future incidents of the behavior 
A)  punishing undesired behavior 
B)  rewarding behavior in the direction of the desired behavior 
C)  withholding to gain compliance 
D)  educating to avoid future incidents of the behavior

Question 10

A cognitive-behavioral therapist uses functional analysis to assess what the client is doing and thinking before, during, and after the symptom in order identify cause and effect patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is meant by the statement, "cognitive behavioral goals are specific and measurable?

Accepted Answer

The statement "cognitive behavioral goal

Question 12

Stress inoculation training helps clients change ______________ and _______________, and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education, training, and practice.

Accepted Answer

A)  thoughts; emotions 
B)  patterns; reactions 
C)  negative self-talk; unhelpful inner dialogues 
D)  unrealistic expectations; hopes 
A)  thoughts; emotions 
B)  patterns; reactions 
C)  negative self-talk; unhelpful inner dialogues 
D)  unrealistic expectations; hopes

Question 13

How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

Accepted Answer

A person's thoughts play a crucial role

Question 14

Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.

Accepted Answer

A)  standardized assessment tools 
B)  the client's own words 
C)  goal forms 
D)  written contracts 
A)  standardized assessment tools 
B)  the client's own words 
C)  goal forms 
D)  written contracts

Question 15

________________ approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory and focus on analyzing and intervening on observable and measurable behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Traditional 
D)  Conditioned 
A)  Behavioral 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Traditional 
D)  Conditioned

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mindfulness is basically meditation. 
B)  Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience. 
C)  Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways. 
D)  Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety. 
A)  Mindfulness is basically meditation. 
B)  Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience. 
C)  Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways. 
D)  Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety.

Question 17

Counselors who use the CBT approach must do so carefully because of all of the following considerations EXCEPT: _____________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasis on the expert stance which can create resistance or overcompliance 
B)  defining "irrational beliefs" which may be culturally and contextually determined rather than determined by dominant social norms 
C)  treatment goals may represent conflicting values with the clients' religious, cultural, racial, or socioeconomic values 
D)  the lack of diagnosis may cause the client to further regress or impede progress 
A)  emphasis on the expert stance which can create resistance or overcompliance 
B)  defining "irrational beliefs" which may be culturally and contextually determined rather than determined by dominant social norms 
C)  treatment goals may represent conflicting values with the clients' religious, cultural, racial, or socioeconomic values 
D)  the lack of diagnosis may cause the client to further regress or impede progress

Question 18

Like Beck, Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions, called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would", "should", "ought", "must".

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  irrational beliefs 
C)  neurosis 
D)  splitting 
A)  repression 
B)  irrational beliefs 
C)  neurosis 
D)  splitting

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the cognitive-behavioral counselor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The counselor is objective witness to change and cheerleader to steer the change in positive directions. 
B)  The counselor is partner, walking the journey with the client and providing encouragement. 
C)  The counselor has a minimized role in which the counselor intervenes little in order to encourage autonomy on the part of the client. 
D)  The counselor's role is educational, using expertise to help client learn how to manage thoughts, feelings, and emotions more effectively. 
A)  The counselor is objective witness to change and cheerleader to steer the change in positive directions. 
B)  The counselor is partner, walking the journey with the client and providing encouragement. 
C)  The counselor has a minimized role in which the counselor intervenes little in order to encourage autonomy on the part of the client. 
D)  The counselor's role is educational, using expertise to help client learn how to manage thoughts, feelings, and emotions more effectively.

Question 20

Most contemporary practitioners utilize cognitive-behavioral approaches which _______________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are focused purely on changing behaviors 
B)  utilize client feelings an experiential considerations to inform change 
C)  are focused purely on changing cognitions 
D)  Integrate cognitive and behavioral techniques to change thoughts, behaviors, and feelings 
A)  are focused purely on changing behaviors 
B)  utilize client feelings an experiential considerations to inform change 
C)  are focused purely on changing cognitions 
D)  Integrate cognitive and behavioral techniques to change thoughts, behaviors, and feelings

How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?

The model that best highlights the essence of cognitive approaches is ___________________ developed by Albert Ellis for rational emotive behavioral therapy.

__________________ is the hallmark intervention of cognitive-behavioral counseling and aims to teach clients psychological principles and how to use them to handle problems.

Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.

The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.

Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.

Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency, duration, and severity of anxiety. The counselor is assessing Ann's _________________________.

Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________.

A cognitive-behavioral therapist uses functional analysis to assess what the client is doing and thinking before, during, and after the symptom in order identify cause and effect patterns.

What is meant by the statement, "cognitive behavioral goals are specific and measurable?

Stress inoculation training helps clients change and _, and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education, training, and practice.

How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.

________________ approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory and focus on analyzing and intervening on observable and measurable behaviors.

Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?

Counselors who use the CBT approach must do so carefully because of all of the following considerations EXCEPT: _____________________________.

Like Beck, Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions, called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would", "should", "ought", "must".

Which of the following best describes the role of the cognitive-behavioral counselor?

Most contemporary practitioners utilize cognitive-behavioral approaches which _______________________________________.

Introduction to Case Documentation

Case Conceptualization

Introduction to Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Completing a Clinical Assessment

Treatment Planning

Progress Notes

Evaluating Progress in Counseling

Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy

Adlerian Individual Counseling

Humanistic-Existential Counseling Approaches

Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy

Solution-Based Counseling

Postmodern and Feminist Counseling Approaches

The Competent Supervisee

Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy

Filters

Exam 11: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?

The model that best highlights the essence of cognitive approaches is ___________________ developed by Albert Ellis for rational emotive behavioral therapy.

__________________ is the hallmark intervention of cognitive-behavioral counseling and aims to teach clients psychological principles and how to use them to handle problems.

Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.

The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.

Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.

Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency, duration, and severity of anxiety. The counselor is assessing Ann's _________________________.

Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________.

A cognitive-behavioral therapist uses functional analysis to assess what the client is doing and thinking before, during, and after the symptom in order identify cause and effect patterns.

What is meant by the statement, "cognitive behavioral goals are specific and measurable?

Stress inoculation training helps clients change ______________ and _______________, and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education, training, and practice.

How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.

________________ approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory and focus on analyzing and intervening on observable and measurable behaviors.

Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?

Counselors who use the CBT approach must do so carefully because of all of the following considerations EXCEPT: _____________________________.

Like Beck, Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions, called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would", "should", "ought", "must".

Which of the following best describes the role of the cognitive-behavioral counselor?

Most contemporary practitioners utilize cognitive-behavioral approaches which _______________________________________.

Introduction to Case Documentation

Case Conceptualization

Introduction to Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Completing a Clinical Assessment

Treatment Planning

Progress Notes

Evaluating Progress in Counseling

Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy

Adlerian Individual Counseling

Humanistic-Existential Counseling Approaches

Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy

Solution-Based Counseling

Postmodern and Feminist Counseling Approaches

The Competent Supervisee

Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy

Filters

Stress inoculation training helps clients change and _, and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education, training, and practice.