Deck 6: Using Power

Question 1

In using power in a group, a member must

A) Insist that the others implement his/her goals
B) Negotiate needed coalitions
C) Get dissenters to leave the group
D) Promote competitiveness with other groups

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When power is seen as the quality in which both parties influence each other, it is which view of power?

A) Person
B) Situation
C) Relationship
D) Position
E) All of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When power is seen as non-coercive, it is seen

A) In a competitive context
B) In a cooperative context
C) As an organizational use of power
D) As a true picture of power

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The dynamic-interdependence approach to power posits that

A) Power exists in individuals, not in relationships
B) Power changes constantly as members attempt to achieve the group's
Goals
C) A competitive context is necessary for power to be present
D) A cooperative context is necessary for power to be present

Question 5

Power is defined as

A) Having a high position in an organization or group
B) The ability to dominate others, physically or verbally
C) The capacity to affect the outcomes of oneself, others, and the
Environment
D) The capacity to convince others of the efficacy of one's ideas in any situation
Or event

Question 6

The direct use of power is

A) Within interpersonal interactions
B) Through group norms and values
C) Through top-down authoritarian directives
D) Among members of the top tier in an organization or group

Question 7

When power is viewed as a limited resource to be hoarded, it is seen

A) In a competitive context
B) In a cooperative context
C) As an organizational use of power
D) As a true picture of power

Question 8

The indirect use of power is

A) Within interpersonal interactions
B) Through group norms and values
C) Through top-down authoritarian directives
D) Among members of the top tier in an organization or group

Question 9

When power is views as a zero-sum resource, it is seen

A) In a competitive context
B) In a cooperative context
C) As an organizational use of power
D) As a true picture of power

Question 10

Reactance is

A) The need to impose order on a chaotic situation
B) Hoarding power to maximize influence over others
C) The need to reestablish freedom when it is threatened
D) Being open to the influence of others

Question 11

Those more open to influence are

A) Competitors
B) Cooperators
C) Individualists
D) None of the above

Question 12

The trait-factor approach to power posits that

A) The capacity to exert power over others is learned by being in a group
B) Inborn or genetically inherited
C) Caused by having a high-power job
D) Acceptable if it is two-way

Question 13

Cartwright, Thibaut, and Kelly posit that the ability of group members to influence each other depends on

A) High emotional energy within the group
B) High costs of working together
C) Fairness and trustworthiness of group members
D) Making progress toward goals

Question 14

When individuals work together to achieve mutual goals

A) Power is not involved
B) Power comes into play if all members agree to use it
C) The use of power is non-purposeful, comprehensive, and unstated
D) The use of power is inevitable, essential, and distributed

Question 15

When power is characterized as deductive and distributed, which approach to power is it?

A) Dynamic Interdependence
B) Trait Factor
C) Persuasion Factor
D) Social Exchange

Question 16

The uses of power are most likely to be destructive when

A) It benefits top management but not the lower echelons
B) It interferes with effective communication
C) It is used primarily for self-benefit or to force others to do something
D) It brings about undesired outcomes and decreases group effectiveness.

Question 17

Most groups are formed to

A) Satisfy social needs
B) Create positive interdependence
C) Accomplish goals that an individual cannot
D) Accomplish goals that one member desires

Question 18

The uses of power are most likely to be constructive when

A) It increases group effectiveness and benefits all members
B) It is for the good of the group, whether or not group members realize it
C) It benefits the person most likely to affect others with the power
D) It sacrifices the ideas of the individual for the good of the group

Question 19

Francisco wants to use his power within the group. He first needs to

A) Assess his relevant resources
B) Negotiate supportive agreements with other members
C) Determine which group members have relevant resources
D) Determine his goals

Question 20

When power is viewed as expandable and bi-directional, it is seen

A) In a competitive context
B) In a cooperative context
C) As an organizational use of power
D) As a true picture of power

Question 21

The trait factor approach is weak in situations where members are

A) Attentive
B) Distracted
C) Interacting
D) Not very intelligent

Question 22

When power is characterized as static, historical, and inductive, what approach is it?

A) Dynamic interdependence
B) Trait Factor
C) Social Exchange
D) Informational Factor

Question 23

The social dominance theory is defined as

A) The ability to control resources
B) The ability to control others
C) Survival of the fittest
D) Being assertive in every situation

Question 24

When group members believe that a person has power because of her position, that person has which base of power?

A) Reward
B) Legitimate
C) Informational
D) Available

Question 25

What is NOT a high-power strategy to justify the status quo??

A) Devalue low-power individuals and their contributions
B) Enhance the status of low-power people to keep them satisfied.
C) Attribute low-power individuals' success to their own control and leadership
D) Legitimize their own privileges

Question 26

"Depending on who your opponent is, assert when you can prevail, yield when you cannot" is a rule of

A) Dynamic Interdependence
B) Reactance
C) Informational Factor
D) Social Dominance

Question 27

In social dominance theory, dominators should

A) Balance their own needs with the needs of others
B) Use physical coercion in order to win
C) Find ways to win, at any cost
D) Dominate the group so that members know who is in charge

Question 28

In the conflict model of social influence, the power majority

A) Has the most rational and persuasive arguments
B) Exerts control through coercive methods
C) Has the most accurate knowledge about the subject at hand
D) Has the most control over distribution of important resources

Question 29

In social dominance theory, social relationships are viewed as

A) Unnecessary
B) Resources
C) Competitive
D) Interesting

Question 30

Persuasive messages are more effective if they are

A) Phrased to be one-sided and action oriented
B) Phrased to be two-sided and action oriented
C) Agree with listeners' current beliefs
D) Given to listeners of equal power to the persuader.

Question 31

In order for a group to be most effective in solving problems

A) Power wielders must be seen as legitimate
B) The one with the most authority must be the most influential
C) Power must be distributed among group members
D) Members must have equal resources

Question 32

When high-power individuals are challenged by low power individuals, they

A) React benevolently
B) Reject change
C) Communicate bilaterally
D) Convince low-power individuals to change

Question 33

A person with high power is most likely to

A) Feel more accountable to subordinates
B) Feel more vulnerable to subordinates
C) Devalue subordinates
D) Enjoy taking long lunches

Question 34

High-power individuals

A) Have considerable affect on other's outcomes
B) Are admired by low-power people
C) Are benevolent when dealing with low-power individuals
D) Are cooperative and conciliatory

Question 35

When people become high-power individuals, they

A) Understand the importance of helping low-power persons
B) Realize how lucky they are
C) Feel insecure and uneasy in their position
D) Establish regulations and norms to maintain their position

Question 36

When group members believe that a person has useful knowledge not available elsewhere, that person has which base of power?

A) Reward
B) Legitimate
C) Informational
D) Expert

Question 37

In social exchange theory, power is based primarily on

A) Friendliness and warmth
B) Dynamism
C) Expertise
D) Control of valuable resources

Question 38

In the conflict model of social influence, minority members tend to _________ the majority

A) Rebel against
B) Convert
C) Dislike
D) Subvert

Question 39

In problem-solving groups, decisions are of higher quality when power is based on

A) Authority
B) Past experience
C) Expertise
D) Majority opinion

Question 40

The power and persuasion approach to power says that influence is a function of

A) The person exerting the influence
B) The person receiving the influence
C) The person listening to the broadcast
D) a and b
E) b and c
D) All of the above

Question 41

Group norms are:

A) Prescribed ways in which low-power members control high-power members.
B) Prescribed ways in which high-power members control low-power members.
C) Prescribed modes of conduct and belief that guide the behavior of group
Members
D) Rites of initiation that group members must go through to join a group

Question 42

Group members are most likely to accept and internalize group norms when they

A) Enforce behavior outside and inside the group
B) Feel a sense of ownership for the norms
C) Are told by high-power members to follow them
D) Are intermittently enforced

Question 43

Low-power members can increase high-power members' positive feelings toward them by

A) Being open and honest about how they feel
B) Challenging their power in a positive way
C) Working cooperatively with them on shared goals
D) Obstructing the goals of other other-power members

Question 44

The pressures to conform to group norms increase most when the behaviors

A) Are seen as important to high-power group members
B) Help show group members how much harder they could be working
C) Help slow down the work so group members don't have to work so hard
D) Help accomplish the goals and maintenance of the group

Question 45

A person with low power is most likely to

A) Attempt to understand high-power individuals
B) have accurate perceptions of high-power members
C) Feel confidence in their low-power peers
D) Give in to the demands of high power members

Question 46

Deindividuation is defined as

A) A state of anonymity in a crowd.
B) Contagion of panic in a crowd
C) Spontaneous actions of a crowd
D) Mental disunity in a crowd

Question 47

In order to enhance their position with high-power people, members of low-power groups should

A) Clarify their goals and increase their positive interdependence
B) Send their messages with more clarity to the high-power people
C) Engage in dialogue with high-power people whenever possible
D) Devalue their own contributions

Question 48

What is NOT a way in which low-power people react to high-power individuals?

A) They are cooperative, compliant, and yielding
B) They attribute group successes to their own efforts
C) They attribute group successes to the high-power individuals
D) They resist and obstruct high-power members' efforts

Question 49

Power stereotyping theory posits that those in high power stereotype subordinates because they

A) Pay less attention to them
B) Reject other's attempts to dominate them
C) Are looked at differently by subordinates
D) Feel insecure

Question 50

Power is sometimes seen as invested in a place, such as a church or mosque.

Question 51

In Asch's research on group conformity, he found that a portion of participants were most likely to go along with a wrong group answer if

A) A majority of group members agreed on the answer.
B) All the other members agreed on the answer
C) Group size was at least 15.
D) Group size was three

Question 52

Reactance is the need to reestablish a person's freedom when it is threatened.

Question 53

In the dynamic-interdependence view of power, power is seen to exist in people, not in relationships.

Question 54

Non-conforming behaviors are accepted by the group when they

A) Are perceived as useful to the individual
B) Provide an interesting challenge to the group
C) Are perceived as helpful to the group.
D) Help speed up the work

Question 55

When an out-group notes the good fortune of another out-group, they are most likely to feel

A) Happy about it
B) Unhappy about it
C) That they want to unite with them
D) a and c

Question 56

Power produces conflict in a group when

A) There is no individual accountability
B) All members are high-status
C) High-power members lack conflict resolution skills
D) There are not common goals

Question 57

When group members spontaneously riot or panic, they are engaging in

A) Collective Behavior
B) Compliance Behavior
C) Conformity Behavior
D) Reactance Behavior

Question 58

Group norms do all EXCEPT

A) Control the behavior of high-power members
B) Control the behavior of low-power members
C) Limit the use of power
D) Allow low-status to retain personal power

Question 59

Power is seen as inevitable because it exists in all relationships.

Question 60

Conflict occurs only in situations when a person wants other group members

A) To act out of character for the group persona
B) To do something they don't want to do and does not have enough power
To make them do it
C) To do a task that doesn't fit with the goals of the group
D) To do something the group wants to do, but acts in a coercive manner

Question 61

Explain the characteristics of the trait-factor approach to power.

Question 62

In a cooperative context, power is based on authority.

Question 63

Describe the characteristics of the dynamic-interdependence approach to power.

Question 64

The use of coercive power is likely to reduce resistance.

Question 65

Group norms force members into behaviors they otherwise would not take.

Question 66

In a cooperative context, members are open to influence.

Question 67

High-power people tend to have low self-esteem.

Question 68

Most groups are formed because the goal is too difficult for one person to accomplish alone.

Question 69

Unequal distribution of resources in a group means that some members are inevitably going to be left powerless.

Question 70

In a cooperative context, power is expandable.

Question 71

Explain the five-step process of using power to achieve goals in a group.

Question 72

Increasing positive interdependence and working together will tend to increase a high-power individual's positive feelings toward low-power individuals.

Question 73

Explain how power is viewed in a competitive context.

Question 74

Low-power individuals tend to overestimate the positive intent of high-power individuals.

Question 75

In a competitive context, power is viewed as being inherently coercive.

Question 76

In the social exchange theory of power, a member can have considerable resources and have little power over others.

Question 77

Explain how power is viewed in a cooperative context.

Question 78

Conforming to group norms often interferes with the functioning of a group and compromises individual's principles and beliefs.

Question 79

Define power and explain how it can be direct or indirect.

Question 80

Explain how uses of power can be either constructive or destructive.