Deck 13: Developmental and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Question 1

People with autism often do not interact with others, preferring instead to be by themselves. This set of symptoms involves severe impairment in

A) social interaction.
B) intermittent intellectual disability.
C) IQ score.
D) autistic interaction.

Answer 1

social interaction.

Question 2

Jack has autism. When his mom wakes him in the morning, she always says, "Good morning, Jackie!" Jack then responds, "Good morning, Jackie!" In fact, he often "plays back" whatever was just said to him rather than actually responding. This communication pattern is known as

A) flat affect.
B) incoherent sentences.
C) pronoun reversal.
D) echolalia.

Answer 2

echolalia.

Question 3

To be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must have

A) deficits in intellectual functions.
B) deficits in adaptive functioning.
C) onset of the disorder in the developmental period.
D) all of these characteristics.

Answer 3

all of these characteristics.

Question 4

Some children become "stuck" in a particular area of development. These children may have ____ because only one area but not many areas of functioning are affected.

A) disorders of the limited type
B) learning disorders of the specified type
C) limited developmental disorders
D) developmental and functional disorders

Question 5

Josie was brought in for an assessment by her mother who suspects Josie may be demonstrating signs of an intellectual disability. In order to determine if Josie meets criteria for an intellectual disability, the clinician must establish that Josie demonstrates deficits in ____ and ____.

A) cognitive functioning; adaptive functioning
B) reading; writing
C) speaking; writing
D) social participation; engagement in developmentally-appropriate chores

Question 6

People with ____ may avoid eye contact, show few facial expressions and bodily gestures, and fail to develop friendships.

A) intellectual disability
B) autism
C) mood disorders
D) developmental delays

Question 7

Youths with autism are sometimes aggressive and impulsive and fail to pay close attention to others. Youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have learning problems such as difficulty reading. These examples indicate that developmental and disruptive behavior disorders may be

A) multiply diagnosed.
B) comorbid.
C) selective.
D) more common than previously thought.

Question 8

Intellectual disability subtype categories include

A) mild, moderate, severe, and profound categories.
B) acquired versus inherited categories.
C) cognitive versus emotional categories.
D) all of these choices.

Question 9

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct and oppositional defiant disorders are examples of

A) disruptive behavior disorders.
B) developmental disorders.
C) hyperactivity disorders.
D) attentional disorders.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the key categories of symptoms for diagnosing autism?

A) qualitative impairment in social interaction
B) qualitative impairment in communication
C) qualitative impairment in adaptive skills
D) restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities

Question 11

Grouping people with intellectual disability into categories of intermittent, limited, extensive, and pervasive is based upon

A) IQ scores.
B) how much help they need in daily living.
C) interpersonal interaction skills.
D) prognosis and diagnosis.

Question 12

Sandy repeats everything that she has just heard. She is displaying

A) aphasia.
B) echolalia.
C) language association.
D) language dissociation.

Question 13

Children with a delay of normal development in many areas, such as intellect and cognition, language, social interactions, and physical growth may be said to have a

A) pervasive developmental disorder.
B) limited developmental disorder.
C) comprehensive developmental disorder.
D) generalized developmental disorder.

Question 14

Externalizing disorders are characterized by

A) overactivity.
B) impulsivity.
C) noncompliance.
D) all of these choices.

Question 15

A low score on an intelligence test ____ that a person has intellectual disability.

A) means
B) does not necessarily mean
C) indicates
D) almost always means

Question 16

People with problems understanding the basic aspects of life are often diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder known as

A) schizophrenia.
B) autism.
C) intellectual disability.
D) limited developmental disorder.

Question 17

Disorders involving a delay in normal maturity, especially with respect to intellect, cognition, learning, and methods of self-care, are referred to as

A) disruptive disorders.
B) developmental disorders.
C) delay disorders.
D) maturation of disorders.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key diagnostic aspect for intellectual disability?

A) onset before age 18 years
B) features of autism in communication ability
C) deficits in adaptive functioning
D) poor cognitive development

Question 19

Intellectual disability was formerly known as

A) subaverage intelligence disorder.
B) mental retardation.
C) autism.
D) none of these choices.

Question 20

Conversing, initiating activities, and being assertive are all considered to be ____ skills.

A) language
B) self-care
C) social interaction
D) community

Question 21

People with autism that are found to bite or hit themselves, or bang their head against the wall, are exhibiting

A) antisocial behavior.
B) self-stimulating behavior.
C) self-injurious behavior.
D) savant behavior.

Question 22

A condition that results when the FMR1 gene of the X chromosome narrows, breaks, or otherwise becomes mutated is

A) PKU.
B) Down syndrome.
C) sickle-cell disease.
D) fragile X syndrome.

Question 23

Fragile X syndrome is more serious for males than for females because females have

A) another X chromosome to compensate.
B) more resiliency overall.
C) less sensitivity to what X chromosome damage can do.
D) more genetic material overall.

Question 24

People with autism may be preoccupied with inanimate objects and may ignore everything else for hours. This symptom of autistic behavior is best described as

A) repetitive behavior.
B) bizarre behavior patterns.
C) self-comforting.
D) avoidance behavior.

Question 25

Biological risk research with developmental disorders suggests biological predispositions are

A) marginal.
B) moderate.
C) very strong.
D) unimportant.

Question 26

The well-known learning disability label of dyslexia has been stereotyped as mainly seeing letters in reverse order, but in reality, dyslexia is a broader term that includes any learning disorder of

A) language or thought.
B) reading or math.
C) spelling or spatial understanding.
D) reading or spelling.

Question 27

Mark is hyperactive, often flaps his arms wildly about, and will bang his head against a wall over and over for no apparent reason. He cannot relate to his peers very well and uses very bizarre language. His doctors have excluded him from a diagnosis of autism, because genetic testing revealed that damage to a chromosome can account for his symptoms. Mark probably has

A) fragile X syndrome.
B) PKU.
C) sickle-cell disease.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 28

Jimmy has poor school achievement in reading. He is failing his reading class, but this failure is not explained by intellectual disability. Jimmy may have a

A) developmentally challenged disorder.
B) developmental disintegrative disorder.
C) learning disorder.
D) regressive disorder.

Question 29

PKU is caused by a genetic mutation. The defective gene must be inherited from both parents before problems occur, so it is referred to as a(n)

A) autogenic disorder.
B) chromosomal abnormality.
C) autosomal recessive disorder.
D) recessive mutation.

Question 30

Autism is ____ prevalent in boys than in girls, and ____ with autism tend to show more repetitive and stereotypical behaviors.

A) more; boys than girls
B) less; boys than girls
C) more; girls than boys
D) less; girls than boys

Question 31

Asperger's disorder (now known as autism spectrum disorder at Level 1) presents with severe social impairment and bizarre behaviors as with autism, but is not as problematic in the areas of

A) social skills, interpersonal sensitivity, and reactions.
B) language, cognitive development, and adaptive functioning.
C) communication, deliberation, and decision making.
D) rumination, arbitration, and insensitivity.

Question 32

Leo has been diagnosed with severe autism. Although he basically looks pretty normal, he is prone to severe tantrums if he encounters an unexpected change in routine. One day, he is unable to order his typical meal at his favorite restaurant because a storm prevented the delivery truck from making its normal run. Leo had a major meltdown right in the middle of the diner. Onlookers stared at Leo's parents as if they were to blame for his meltdown. This sort of response from others illustrates the

A) stigma associated with internalizing disorders.
B) stigma associated with developmental disorders.
C) self-stigma associated with autism.
D) self-stigma associated with Asperger's disorder.

Question 33

People with autism may show behaviors such as excessive rocking, hand flapping, or walking on their toes that are called

A) savant skills.
B) repetitive behavior.
C) self-injurious behavior.
D) self-stimulatory behavior.

Question 34

An individual with a learning disorder is most likely to demonstrate difficulties in

A) reading.
B) completing developmentally appropriate chores.
C) making friends.
D) engaging in proper hygiene.

Question 35

Children with autism may exhibit a strange speech pattern that includes reversal of ____, such as "I" for "you."

A) nouns
B) verbs
C) adverbs
D) pronouns

Question 36

Who is likely to experience stigma associated with autism?

A) children who have autism
B) the parents of children with autism
C) no one, as stigmatization is rare today
D) children who have autism and the parents of children with autism

Question 37

A broad term that includes any learning disorder of reading or spelling is

A) dyslexia.
B) dyscalculia.
C) dysgraphia.
D) dysphasia.

Question 38

Intellectual disability is found

A) more in developed nations than less developed nations.
B) more in boys than girls.
C) more in wealthy nations than poor nations.
D) more among people of high socioeconomic status.

Question 39

Blake has a hard time with any kind of fine motor coordination. Even though he is seven years old, he can barely button a shirt, he cannot tie his own shoes, and he struggles to grasp a pencil appropriately. Blake has which learning disorder?

A) dysphasia
B) dyspraxia
C) dysnomia
D) dyslalia

Question 40

In examining risk factors for developmental disabilities, genetic influences, chromosomal aberrations, and prenatal/perinatal problems that lead to brain changes are examples of

A) environmental risk factors.
B) psychological risk factors.
C) biological risk factors.
D) psychosocial risk factors.

Question 41

Your close friend has recently found out that she is pregnant. What can she do to reduce the risk of developmental disability in her child?

A) limit caffeine intake
B) seek out moderate to high stress levels
C) exercise vigorously
D) all of these choices

Question 42

The developmental disorder of Down syndrome is predominantly caused by

A) a missing chromosome 23.
B) an extra chromosome 21.
C) genetic splicing and chromosome damage.
D) spiral helix recombination.

Question 43

Individuals with autism tend to have a ____ corpus callosum and fewer ____ cells, which relate to behavioral inhibition.

A) smaller; Purkinje
B) larger; Purkinje
C) smaller; pineal
D) larger; pineal

Question 44

Gross malformations that are directly involved with brain development problems are typically categorized as

A) formation defects and migratory defects.
B) initial neural damage and cell defects.
C) neural pathway interruption and cell pruning.
D) induction defects and migration defects.

Question 45

When family variables, such as poor language stimulation, neglect of a child's educational needs, or inconsistent parenting lead to mild forms of intellectual disability, a child may be diagnosed with

A) acquired intellectual disability.
B) family disability.
C) predispositional disability.
D) cultural-familial intellectual disability.

Question 46

Which statement about genetics and development disorders is most accurate?

A) Parents of children with autism are not more likely than the general population to have autism themselves.
B) Concordance rates for autism in identical twins are 95% to 98% and in fraternal twins are 76% to 80%.
C) Siblings of a child with autism have an up to 90% chance of having autism themselves.
D) Genetic studies of individuals with autism spectrum disorders make it clear that it is virtually entirely a genetic disorder.

Question 47

Diseases, such as meningitis, may result in

A) antisocial development.
B) psychosocial damage.
C) socialization problems.
D) neurological damage.

Question 48

Enlargement of the overall brain, especially with respect to the mid-sagittal area, ventricles, limbic system, amygdala, and occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes, is associated with

A) mood disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) autism.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 49

Nervous system changes that are due to problems in the closure of the neural tube, proper development of the forebrain, and completion of the corpus callosum are referred to as

A) chromosomal defects.
B) migration defects.
C) conduction defects.
D) induction defects.

Question 50

Problems in cell growth and distribution in the second to fifth month of pregnancy, which can lead to underdeveloped brain areas, are called

A) migration deficiencies.
B) migration defects.
C) conduction defects.
D) induction defects.

Question 51

Andi's parents are very poor, and neither has particularly high intelligence. School is not very important to them, and they do not ever bother to read to Andi. Their parenting styles are quite inconsistent, and Andi really never knows when she can count on them. Andi has recently been diagnosed with intellectual disability, and her home environment is seen as a likely culprit behind her deficits. Andi is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) cultural-familial intellectual disability.
B) sociocultural deficit intellectual disability.
C) nurture-based neglect intellectual disability.
D) experiential deficit disability.

Question 52

Individuals, especially African Americans, who experience damaged red blood cells, slow blood movement, and less oxygenation to the body may be diagnosed with

A) sickle-cell disease.
B) PKU.
C) fragile X syndrome.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 53

Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are used for ____ genetic testing.

A) parental
B) prenatal
C) perinatal
D) postnatal

Question 54

Which model presumes that biological factors interact in different ways for children with different disorders?

A) final common pathway
B) conspirator pathway
C) biology-first model
D) biological primacy model

Question 55

A lack of oxygen during birth is referred to as

A) anorexia.
B) hypoxia.
C) umbilical choking.
D) placenta previa.

Question 56

Agents, substances, or exposures that can harm a prenatal or perinatal individual's health are collectively referred to as

A) induction defects.
B) teratogens.
C) aberrations.
D) adverse anomalies.

Question 57

Tay-Sachs disease, which produces severe motor and sensory disabilities, intellectual disability, and death at age 2 to 4 years, is found especially in

A) European Americans.
B) African Americans.
C) Ashkenazi Jews.
D) Asian and Pacific Islanders.

Question 58

Key to reducing instances of developmental disorder due to head and brain injury is

A) restriction of play.
B) the prevention of accidents and falls.
C) a regimen of vitamin supplements.
D) none of these choices.

Question 59

Children who have a small head size, facial and heart defects, lower intelligence, problems in learning, memory, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and communication and social skills may have been prenatally exposed to

A) caffeine.
B) asbestos.
C) alcohol.
D) nicotine.

Question 60

It is especially important for the health of the fetus that women ____ during pregnancy.

A) experience hypoxic stress
B) consume sufficient folic acid
C) exercise vigorously as often as possible
D) consume modest amounts of alcohol

Question 61

People with developmental disorders often experience severe cognitive and intellectual deficits, so basic assessment strategies are to use tests that assess for

A) intelligence.
B) academic standing.
C) overall intellectual and problem-solving functioning.
D) developmental delays.

Question 62

A common treatment used to increase eye-contact is

A) token economy.
B) modeling.
C) aversive training.
D) discrete-trial training.

Question 63

In people with autism, ____ has/have been used to lower serotonin levels to treat dangerous motor behaviors, with limited success.

A) fenfluramine
B) Paxil
C) SSRIs
D) Zoloft

Question 64

Gene therapy for developmental disorders has been tested in

A) mice.
B) human fetuses
C) children and adolescents.
D) computer models only.

Question 65

Dee Ann is teaching a little boy with autism how to get his lunch at the school cafeteria. The task has been broken down into the following steps: pick up a tray, place silverware on the tray, go through the line, choose a beverage, and then go sit down. The first few days, she does all of the steps with him except for choosing a beverage, which he does himself. Once he can select his beverage on his own without assistance, she starts having him walk through the line by himself and choose his beverage. Then once that is mastered, she has him place the silverware on the tray himself as well as the subsequent tasks. Dee Ann follows this pattern until the little boy is capable of getting his lunch for himself. Dee Ann is using a(n) ____ process for self-care skills training of her client.

A) random chaining
B) forward chaining
C) backward chaining
D) simultaneous chaining

Question 66

Peer-mediated interventions engage non-delayed children to help with teaching various interpersonal or social skills to children with developmental disorders. This method is part of

A) intrapersonal training.
B) socialization training.
C) sensitivity-contact training.
D) peer identification training.

Question 67

Intelligence tests are highly useful for gathering information about cognitive ability and potential for future scholastic achievement, but they are not a measure of

A) how "smart" one is.
B) perspective.
C) neuropsychological.
D) aptitude.

Question 68

Efforts to prevent developmental disorders may focus on prevention of accidents that cause

A) spinal injury.
B) broken bones.
C) brain injury.
D) cerebrospinal infraction.

Question 69

The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition are useful to assess people with

A) mood disorders.
B) developmental disorders.
C) schizophrenia.
D) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Question 70

Effective psychological treatments for people with developmental disorders are mainly focused on the ____ perspective.

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) cognitive restructuring
C) humanistic therapy
D) learning

Question 71

Basic socialization training consists of

A) repetition learning.
B) social skills learning.
C) imitation and observational learning.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 72

Psychological treatments for people with developmental disorders often target

A) individual areas of functioning.
B) overall psychological functioning.
C) intra-personal socialization skills.
D) interpersonal relationships.

Question 73

Many intelligence tests are ____, which means that individual test scores are compared to those from thousands of people who previously took the test.

A) normalized
B) applied
C) norm-referenced
D) standardized

Question 74

Self-care skills training programs are most effective for

A) toileting and eating.
B) dressing.
C) grooming skills.
D) all of these choices.

Question 75

For people with limited developmental disorders, such as learning disorders, ____ used to measure inattention, motivation, out-of-seat behavior, and actual schoolwork behaviors, such as on-task and test-taking behavior as well as organization and study skills.

A) rating scales are
B) direct observation is
C) achievement tests are
D) interviews are

Question 76

Milo has difficulties speaking. Milo's therapist shows Milo various pictures, and says, "Point to the fork." If Milo correctly points to the picture of the fork, he receives a piece of candy whereas if he points to the wrong image, he is prompted toward the correct response. The therapist is using

A) receptive labeling training.
B) visual-spatial training.
C) socialization training.
D) discrete-trial training.

Question 77

Children are assessed on their reading, spelling, and arithmetic tasks to determine their grade level using the ____ test.

A) Wide Range Achievement Test 4
B) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition
C) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
D) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale for Intelligence

Question 78

Beth is a speech-language pathologist who works with children with autism. She does most of her work with families in their home. As she visits, she watches carefully to gauge how often a client engages in self-injurious behavior, self-stimulatory behavior, and tantrums while she is present in the home. Beth is using which assessment method?

A) behavioral observation
B) self-report
C) behavioral performance scales
D) interviews

Question 79

If brain damage is suspected in a person with a developmental disorder, ____ testing may be used.

A) psychological
B) psychobiological
C) neuropsychological
D) intelligence

Question 80

A common interview instrument used to shed light on a person's ability to function independently in real world situations is the

A) Diagnostic Interview Scale.
B) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition.
C) WAIS.
D) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.