Deck 9: Presenting and Defending Policy Proposals in Step 5 and Step 6 of Policy Analysis

Question 1

At the beginning of hardball negotiations, each party will:

A) Test the intentions of the other side.
B) Agree where concessions can be made.
C) State their position.
D) Use veiled or open threats.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Graphic materials in a presentation:

A) Can help capture the attention of an indifferent audience.
B) Allow a presenter to be flexible.
C) Allow a presenter to change their message during the presentation.
D) Are confusing for many audience members.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Policy persuaders recognize that coercive messages:

A) Are usually successful in "softening up" opponents.
B) Can be effective, but carry some dangers.
C) Should precede the use of friendly persuasion.
D) Should be used at every opportunity.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In a discussion that follows a substantive format, the lobbyist:

A) Seeks assistance.
B) Solicits information.
C) Uses flattery.
D) Seeks support.

Question 5

What is a grant proposal?

A) A policy proposal.
B) A legislative proposal.
C) A proposal seeking resources and funding.
D) An explanation of the goals of an agency.

Question 6

Public speaking allows presenters to:

A) Interact with the audience.
B) Engage the emotions of audience members.
C) Be flexible.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

In order to assemble a winning strategy, candidates often:

A) Avoid issues they perceive as no-win.
B) Identify issues that resonate with their constituents.
C) Address specific issues but take fuzzy positions.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

With expert audiences, persuaders should:

A) Move quickly to a specific recommendation.
B) Present an array of perspectives and evidence.
C) Try to appeal to their emotions.
D) Use a confrontational style.

Question 9

Making a presentation to a city council asking that a new park be built, and asking council members to think about where they would like their children, grandchildren, etc., to play is using which strategy?

A) Coercive
B) Adversarial
C) Motivational
D) Inspirational

Question 10

In friendly communication, policy advocates will:

A) Use debating techniques to prove their point.
B) Engage in hardball negotiations to achieve their outcome.
C) Use conflict reducing techniques to decrease opposition to a proposal.
D) Combine all these approaches as needed.

Question 11

Policy debates are more likely to be adversarial if protagonists' positions are shaped by ____________ differences.

A) Political.
B) Economic.
C) Historical.
D) Ideological.

Question 12

The advantage of written communication, as opposed to spoken communication is:

A) It allows presenters to interact with the audience.
B) It can be more precise.
C) It can easily be used to appeal to the emotions of the audience.
D) It can be used against an opponent at a later time.

Question 13

In combative persuasion, presenters use:

A) Persuasive techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
B) Stylized techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
C) Confrontational techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
D) Instructive techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.

Question 14

Debate, coercion, and negotiation are examples of:

A) Policy making.
B) Combative persuasion.
C) Agenda building.
D) Coalition building.

Question 15

Which of the following situations favor an adversarial approach to communication?

A) When the relations between two parties are amicable.
B) When both parties have a fixed initial position.
C) When onlookers do not pressure the parties for an outcome.
D) When mutual concessions are valued.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT important to include in a grant proposal?

A) Dramatic cases that prove why the proposal is important.
B) Research and data supporting the proposal.
C) Partnerships and cooperation with other bodies.
D) Names and job titles of staff members.

Question 17

Effective persuaders:

A) Focus on one style of presenting an issue.
B) Incorporate PowerPoint presentations whenever possible.
C) Use a variety of written and interpersonal communications.
D) Focus on spoken communication.

Question 18

"Diagnosing" an audience refers to a policy advocate understanding:

A) An audience's beliefs.
B) What motivates an audience.
C) An audience's fears and hopes.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a way to fine-tune a presentation?

A) Use visual aids, such as charts.
B) Memorize it so that you can deliver it verbatim.
C) Use case examples.
D) Elicit audience participation.

Question 20

Arbitration is used when:

A) Brainstorming is the focus of the presentation.
B) Rapid closure is needed to the issue.
C) Negotiations have reached a stalemate.
D) Power struggles are in effect.